PARK AND CEMETERY. 
•curved drives running around the elevations, 
•dividing- the cemetery into sections, large or 
small, according to the topography. It is 
best not to design a section more than three 
hundred feet in width, but its length is not 
•of so much conseauence. The general 
scheme of drives and sections should be 
made for the entire tract as soon as the 
land is acquired. But as only one or two 
^sections should be developed at a time, there 
is no special reason for making the detailed 
section maps, except as the sections are 
developed. 
In the division of a section into lots great 
changes have come about in the past decade. 
Formerly each lot had an alley on four 
sides; later an alley on three sides; still 
later an alley on two sides, but now we 
have an alley only on one side. The pres- 
ent method of having each lot face only 
one alley means much economy, for the alley 
is simply waste space which demands as 
much care as burial space. In the near 
future our best cemeteries will have no al- 
leys at all and we should all work to bring 
about this condition. We still retain alleys 
because we are slow to change time-honored 
methods; we no longer thinlc it sacrilegious 
to walk over graves and the alleys are not 
always used in getting to the lots. Hence, 
being unnecessary, we should not provide 
them at all. 
THE EANDSCAPE PLAN. 
A general planting scheme for each sec- 
tion should be carried out by the planting 
•of trees and shrubs as soon as a section is 
at all improved. The trees and evergreens 
may well be planted several years before a 
section is to be used for burials, and the 
shrubbery groups should be planted as soon 
as the section is opened, while the details 
-of additional planting must be worked out 
from time to time as the monuments are 
placed. Ordinary monuments should be 
hidden entirely by shrubbery, while es- 
pecially artistic monuments should be given 
a proper setting to bring out their beauty 
to the best advantage. Such a setting will 
consist of green grass in the foreground, 
with a background of trees and shrubs. A 
monument will rarely appear to the same 
advantage from all sides and this should 
not be expected. It is therefore best to have 
it show off well from one side by giving it 
a proper background. 
Every large cemetery should possess a 
small nursery from which trees, shrubs and 
•evergreens can be transplanted. Practically 
no attempt should be made to propagate 
nursery stock, the advantage of the small 
nursery being simply to have the stock 
convenient for transplanting when wanted. 
THE CEMETERY REGULATIONS. 
In no phase of cemetery management has 
so much progress been made as in the adop- 
tion of modern regulations. The condition 
•of the cemetery necessarily hinges upon the 
regulations restricting the things which can 
be done by the lot owners. Hence the special 
importance of the right start in this respect. 
The regulations recommended by this as- 
sociation some ten years ago were excellent 
for that time, but they should now be re- 
vised and further simplified. For example, 
most of us realize the necessity of having all 
headstones placed with the top even with 
the ground, and a definite recommendation 
in this regard by this association will do 
much toward bringing about this needed im- 
provement. With the headstones even with 
the ground, we decrease the cost of main- 
tenance and take away the graveyard ap- 
pearance still so noticeable in most of our 
modern cemeteries. 
All cemeterj' officials recognize the utter 
uselessness of monuments of any kind, and 
there is no reason why we should not be 
more outspoken in an expression of our 
opinion in, this regard. It is gratifying to 
note that many cemeteries have certain sec- 
tions where no- monuments are allowed and 
this movement is becoming quite popular. 
We only adhere to monuments because cus- 
tom has dictated them. Memorials to the 
dead should be more practical, and may 
well take the form of gifts of land for park 
purposes, children’s playgrounds, drinking 
fountains and other things useful to human- 
ity. 
The keynote of the modem cemetery 
should be simplicity, for in simplicity lies 
'beauty and economy. Green grass is the 
one thing of greatest beauty and it should 
be the predominating feature of every ceme- 
tery. To make and keep in proper condition 
ILLUSTRATING “THE CEMETERY 
BEAUTIFUL.” 
1. Mas.sed planting on home grounds of 
Dr. C. S. Sargent. Brookline, Mass. 
2. Gate Post covered by Bignonia grandi- 
flora. Kansas City. Mo. 
Markers Level with Lawn, Mt. Hope 
Cemetery, Joplin. Mo. 
4. Rose Covered Shelter House, Kansas 
City, Mo. 
388 
the cemetery regulations must prohibit all 
useless things upon the lots. Even cut flow- 
ers should be prohibited except on new 
graves, for after a few hours they become 
simply so much “truck” to be taken away. 
Much education is still needed to impress 
upon lot owners the reasonableness of mod- 
ern regulations. 
THE FINAL PARK. 
What to do with the old cemeteries is a 
serious problem in many cities. There can 
be but one final solution to it and that is to 
change them into parks. If. therefore, ceme- 
teries are eventually to become parks, we 
have all the more reason to lay them out 
along park lines in the first place. We then 
have a park from the start and after the 
land is no longer used for burials, the park 
is already established without further ex- 
pense. Realizing this, there is every reason 
for the adoption of modern methods in plan- 
ning new cemeteries. 
The making over of old cemeteries is not 
so impossible as many seem to think. It is 
true that much that has been done has to 
be undone, and in this respect simplification 
should be the keynote. We do away with 
the complex and simplify everything so far 
as possible, both for beauty and economy. 
Many an old cemetery has wonderful pos- 
sibilities and rightly made over would be- 
come an asset to a locality where today it 
is only a plague spot in the surrounding 
landscape. 
Weed Killers and Dust Layers were 
fruitful subjects for discussion that 
brought out some valuable informa- 
tion. Frank Enrich told of his suc- 
cess with calcium chloride, a by-prod- 
uct of salt, that had been effectively 
used in laying the dust on the roads 
in Woodlawn Cemetery. It also kills 
the weeds on the roads. Several oth- 
er superintendents gave their experi- 
ences with calcium chloride, which 
they had used with varying success. 
A. P. Gross, iMt. Greenwood Ceme- 
tery, Chicago, said sulphate of iron, 
applied in the spring, would kill the 
young leaves of the dandelion and 
prevent the plant from blooming and 
scattering seeds. The consensus of 
opinion seemed to be that all of the 
weed killers for use on roads are 
good if properly applied, but most of 
them are too e.xpensive for practical 
purposes. 
Sid J. Hare’s address on The Cem- 
etery Beautiful, was illustrated with 
a variet}^ of cemetery views; orna- 
mental shrubbery and perennial and 
annual flowering plants suitable for 
cemetery planting, views Ijefore and 
after making improvements, etc. Air. 
Hare said in part: 
THE CEMETEKY BE.VETHT L. 
By Sid J. Hare, Landscape Anhitect. 
It has been some fifty years since Mr. A. 
Strauch, the landscape gardener of Spring 
Grove Cemetery, of Cincinnati, made his 
famous report to the directors of that ceme- 
tery. and should I read to you tonight, from 
that report you would be surprised to learn 
that he recommended at that early date 
practically all the things we now are striv- 
ing to bring out in cemetei'y work. 
At the time of his writing on methods 
and means of making a cemetery beautiful. 
October 1st, 1856, there were growing in 
Spring Grove Cemetery some two hundred 
varieties of trees and shrubs. Many lots 
were enclosed by fences, bars and chains. 
