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summer. The work is permanently established as part 
of the school system under the direction of Miss 
Louise Klein Miller, who has been appointed Curator 
and Director of School Gardens and Grounds. 
“Juvenile Civic League Work” was the subject of 
two interesting addresses by Mrs. Caroline Bartlett 
Crane, who talked of the work in Kalamazoo, Mich., 
and by Prof. M’illiam Chauncey Langdon of Pratt In- 
stitute, Brooklyn, who told of the experience in New 
York. 
Mrs. Crane said that the Juvenile Civic league is 
the public school itself. Civics and sociology should 
be a regular part of the school system from the pri- 
mary department up, and the work of civic improve- 
ment taught in the schools is a long time investment 
for better citizenship. The school should be the civic 
laboratory, to train the child by letting him actually 
do things. She said that in Kalamazoo the work had 
been so successful that the children are singing civic 
improvement songs in school and out. Prof. Langdon 
gave an interesting history of the Juvenile City League 
of New York which was started to find the best meth- 
od of training the boys in city government. There 
were 1,434 boys enrolled the first year in one of the 
worst districts of the city. The next year the work 
expanded to include four districts. The conclusions 
he had reached by the experiment were as follows : 
(i) The work should be carried on by the city as a 
part of the school system. Private organization can- 
not do it on a large enough scale. (2) It should be 
allied with athletics, as evidenced by the success of the 
baseball league in New York which had been an im- 
portant factor in teaching the boys respect for law 
and order. (3) Give them real work to do. They 
must be taken seriously. There is much they can do 
in the way of reporting violations of city ordinances, 
and in learning the methods of city government. (4) 
Recognize the territorial character of boys’ gangs, and 
teach them to feel the responsibility for order and gov- 
ernment in their respective districts. 
“The Social Settlement and Its Work Among Chil- 
dren” was the subject of an address by Graham R. 
Taylor of Chicago, a prominent social settlement 
worker and associate editor of “The Commons.” He 
said that from the membership of the boys’ clubs 
started by a Chicago settlement a few years ago had 
been drawn the nucleus of men who today tip the 
political scales of a whole ward in favor of decent and 
even creditable municipal government, for aldermen 
who stand high among the defenders of the people 
from corruption and private greed, who are looked up 
to as leaders among the progressive men, intelligently 
devoting their attention to solving the problems of ad- 
ministration involved in the movement toward the ex- 
tension of municipal functions. 
“Children’s Gardens, the Educational Application,” 
was the subject of the last address at the afternoon 
session delivered by Dick J. Crosby of the United 
States Department of Agriculture. He emphasized 
the necessity of making the work an integral part of 
the school system and showed a series of fine pictures, 
most of which were of the children’s farm school at 
Yonkers, New York. All the processes of the prep- 
aration of the soil, laying out the gardens, and the in- 
structions for the work were illustrated. A chart 
showing the different lines of study with which the 
outdoor work can be connected was also shown. This 
was followed by some slides showing the examples of 
the work of the Cleveland Home Gardening Associa- 
tion to illustrate Mr. Cadwallader’s previous address. 
The evening session was opened with an address on 
the Cleveland Parks by L. E. Holden, president of the 
Cleveland Plain Dealer. Mr. Holden was a member 
of the first Park Commission and gave an interesting 
personal account of how Wade and Gordon Parks and 
all the land between them bordering on Doan Brook 
was gradually secured by donations of individual citi- 
zens. The parks and boulevards of Cleveland em- 
brace 1,524 acres. Of these 676 acres were donated 
by J. H. Wade, W. J. Gordon, John D. Rockefeller, 
Curtis & Ambler and the Buffalo Land Co. Eight 
hundred and forty-eight acres were purchased by the 
city. “The influence of this body of men and wom- 
en,” said Mr. Holden in closing, “should be exerted 
toward keeping the parks under the control of non- 
partisan boards in the hands of men and women who 
will do this work for the public good.” 
Frank Miles Day of Philadelphia in his illustrated 
address on “Recent Municipal Improvements,” gave 
a summary of important city betterments planned or 
executed in some of the larger cities. The city plans, 
parks, and transportation facilities in New Orleans, 
St. Louis, Minneapolis, St. Paul, Chicago, Cleveland, 
Buffalo, Boston, Hartford, Philadelphia, New York, 
Baltimore, and Washington, were considered with 
reference to many interesting pictures shown. The 
topographical features of the New Orleans City plan 
and the proposed group plan of Minneapolis and St. 
Paul were briefly noted. The freight tunnels of Chi- 
cago, which, when completed, will give underground 
connection between the basements of all big business 
houses in the downtown district and the terminals of 
the thirty-eight railroads entering the city were de- 
scribed. Chicago was mentioned as one of the first 
cities to establish the modern system of a belt of parks 
with connecting boulevards, and its proposed plan for 
an immense outer belt to include eighty-four new 
parks, aggregating 37,000 acres, was commended. 
The Cleveland group plan would, the speaker said, 
give an imposing entrance to the city and would re- 
