PARK AND CEMETERY 
422 
mud was excavated eight feet deep and gravel dikes 
filled along the shore where mud was left, to prevent 
the mud from sliding. 
Where land was cheaper east of Leverett Pond the 
bordering parkway was swung well up the hillside to 
broaden the park. Above Leverett Pond, in addition 
to the existing brook and ponds, a number of pools 
were created in the expectation that this part of the 
park would be used by the Natural History Society 
for a Zoological Garden in which aquatic birds and 
animals would be tbe principal features. As the So- 
ciety failed to raise the necessary funds, the super- 
fluous pools have been filled up. 
Willow Pond, the next pond above Leverett Pond, 
was re-located, but in such a way that it looks just as 
natural or in fact more so than before, because origin- 
ally it had a narrow dam with a row of willow trees 
growing upon it. The brook, too, existed, yet is now 
all different. It is not perhaps quite as natural in ap- 
pearance everywhere because it was thought desirable 
to introduce into it a series of little boulder dams so 
as to hold back enough water to show. 
Ward’s Pond, the next pond below Jamaica Pond, 
was less radically changed. A walk was filled in 
around the margin and the narrow dam was widened 
so as to disguise its artificial character. All these and 
other changes were carefully planned on paper and 
carried out by means of plans and specifications by a 
contractor. The engineer in charge estimated that 
the grading would have cost twenty-five per cent more 
if done by the regular day’s work gangs. 
Jamaica Pond is in general landscape effect what it 
was except that numerous dwellings and two great 
ranges of ice houses were removed, and except that a 
good deal of the margin had to be filled to afford room 
for a shore walk along the shore below the steep banks 
where most visitors Hke to go. The only house orig- 
inally on the park which was retained was Pinebanks. 
This house was burned out after the land was acquired 
but its walls were so well built that it was remodeled 
for a public shelter and for the business offices of the 
Park System. It would have been a satisfaction to 
have preserved also the home of Francis Parkman, the 
historian, which stood on the opposite side of Jamaica 
Pond, but its rooms were small and the construction of 
wood not of the best, so it was decided to tear it down 
and to have a commemorative monument on its site. 
An interesting fact about Jamaica Pond is that it is so 
deep that at one spot its bottom is several feet below 
sea level. 
(To Be Continued.) 
The ParKs of Sotithern Europe. 
By Felix J. Koch. 
Not so very many years ago a project was started 
in the Ohio Valley for the reproduction of the world- 
famous Serpent Mound, of Adams county, in minia- 
ture, in Eden Park, at Cincinnati, — in order that the 
public at large, who had not opportunity to make the 
excursion to the rather out-of-the-way site of the earth- 
work, might be given an opportunity to see the queer- 
est remains of the Mound Builder extant. The proj- 
ect, as is usual with so many projects in which mu- 
nicipal funds become necessary, fell into oblivion. Had 
the same project been proposed in south-eastern Eu- 
rope, it would have culminated at once, excepting only 
the Turkish Empire, in which so far as I am able to 
recall, no park as we understand the term exists, aside 
from a little lot, possibly the size of a city block cleared 
by the occupying Austro-Hungarians at Plevlj’e, a 
sandchak or district capital in the Occupied Belt. 
Beginning with Buda-Pest, the people of southern 
Europe seem to make it a point, where possible, to 
make of their parks not alone a breathing spot, but like- 
park of assassinations, terpsichdor, servia. 
PALACE GARDENS AT BELGRADE, SERVIA. 
