478 
PARK AND CEMETERY 
Third: What part can streets take in providing plant life 
for cities in the form of street trees, grass or flowers, and 
what influence has plant life upon the health and happiness 
and sanity of the people? 
Fourth: What is the maximum number of people that 
should be allowed to live on one acre of the city’s territory, 
and what tenement or other laws should be enacted that will 
tend to limit them to that number? 
Fifth: What are the varying number of square feet 
that the different sections of a city needs per capita for 
small parks and play grounds, and what is the minimum 
number of square feet a child needs when actually using a 
play ground? 
Sixth: What is the maximum distance a child should be 
expected to walk to its play ground, and what are the prin- 
ciples that underly their location and distribution? 
Seventh: What is the maximum distance people can be 
expected to go to their neighborhood park, and how should they 
be located, constructed and cared for, and what should they 
provide for the people. 
Eighth: What is the minimum number of square feet of 
gravel space per capita that should be provided, and what 
ratio should this gravel space bear to the lawn and planting 
for scenic effect, and what accommodations should be pro- 
vided in these places? 
Ninth: What is the natural sub-division of the people in 
the neighborhood or circles, or cliques, or clans, and why 
and how does this separation take place in those classes 
which are common to most cities, and how is the cleavage 
between neighborhoods to be recognized, and what are the 
needs of the different classes as to provision for light, air, 
open space and recreation? 
Tenth: All agreed that paternalism was not wanted, and 
the question was thoroughly discussed as to what policy the 
state and city could adopt which would make it possible for 
each neighborhood or city to provide for itself its own needs. 
That such a policy might be possible was believed, but none 
had a very clear idea as to what it was or just how to work 
it out. 
Eleventh: All agreed that the first step towards discover- 
ing this policy was for a commission or for a committee of 
citizens to be formed in each city and that they invite men 
not residents of their own cities, outsiders, who could come 
and in cold blood, as it were, study the situation and see if 
a solution of these questions could not be found. 
Each of my visitors came to me convinced that such a 
commission or committee was the first step to be taken; each 
had discussed the matter with some of the leading citizens in 
his own city before coming, and had partially arranged for 
such a commission to be raised, and none of them had thought ■ 
it best to invite more than one park man for such a study; ■ 
the other men to be invited were distinctly not park men. 
They all thought that park men were so wrapped up in their 
own narrow, even if artistic, point of view, their judgment 
in matters of this kind would be narrow, warped and un- 
reliable. 
You may well believe that I was chagrined and mortified to 
learn that these men of national experience and observation 
should have come to the conclusion that park men were un- 
fitted to solve what I had supposed to be peculiarly park 
problems, and it set me to thinking as to what was the matter 
with us; and my conclusion seems to be, as far I reached a 
conclusion, that while we had learned the first step of our 
work — that is, how to make the park fabric — we needed now 
to take the second step, which seemed to me to be to cut 
and fit what we weaved to the needs and uses of the city. 
It seemed that these men had discovered, what we ought to 
have discovered ourselves, that we were making many un- 
fortunate misfits. It cut my pride, it took me off of my high 
horse, and set me back to the beginning of things to work out 
the park problem from the people’s side and not from the 
land’s side. It showed me the falseness of some things I had 
thought were true, and made rubbish of some things that I 
thought most valuable. 
I had but little information tc give these gentlemen, but 
they gave me much. I, not they, was the gainer from their | 
visit, and if there was time I would gladly state to you the 
substance of those di.scussions, and more than once they took i 
us way into the small hours of the night. There is a great ' 
field of labor opening here and it means better city conditions, i 
Heretofore I had been working around the edges. This 
seemed to be the very substance of our problem, and that a 
solution is coming I am sure, for history has told us over ; 
and over again that whenever a great crying need comes to 
the world that the Lord seems to brood over us, and by that 
brooding to inspire men widely apart, entirely independent of 
each other, to take up the needs of his world and to see the 
light by which it can be helped, and I believe if all was known ; 
it would be found that in other cities men have been thrash- I 
ing out this problem and had reached practically the same 
conclusion. 
Have I shown that another step is needed in park develop- ; 
ments? Have I indicated what that step may be? If so, j 
I am content, for it is a step that every park man can take ; 
by himself, and know that the Lord is leading him. 
Outdoor Art. 
By Warren H, Manning. 
Outdoor art is fine art. It is the art of making and saving 
living pictures that painters will paint. That person who 
has a genuine appreciation of nature, whether it be for the 
little things that grow or the great landscapes of sky and 
earth and water, has the instincts of an artist. He may not 
have the technical skill to depict upon paper the aspect and 
pose of a fern, flower or tree, or to place upon canvas the 
fleeting expressions of nature that most appeal to him, but he 
can recognize the beauties and deficiencies of the common 
things and common scenes about him ; he can use his influ- 
ence to preserve the beauty and supply the deficiencies, and 
the measure of his success in this work will carry his name 
as far down the vista of time as will most of the work that 
artists do. More people and more generations of people may 
gain a mental, moral and physical uplift from the living pic- 
ture of a really beautiful landscape, with its never-ending | 
change with the procession of the seasons, than from any : 
landscape upon canvas. In no respect would I belittle the ' 
work of the true artist. He who has the power to place upon 
canvas the brief periods of supreme beauty that every student | 
of nature would like to preserve, or who can depict the beau- 
tiful composition of mass, form, line, light and shade that i 
nature can but seldom does produce, without a blemish, 
speaks so commanding a note that the average man is com- ‘ 
pelled to stop and look and listen, even though he does not ! 
understand. The student of a picture-gallery crowd can j: 
testify that while it will swarm and chatter about the street !i 
Arab story or home-parting scene, it will linger quietly and jj 
thoughtfully before the work of a master. You who have |j 
studied the crowds in a public park, will realize that while J: 
