PARK AND CEMKTERY 
489 
tion in many places, probably in ail 
except where progressive men who 
belong to organizations of ceme- 
tery officials, and who in other 
ways keep themselves informed, 
are in authority. This device is also 
desirable because of its great con- 
venience. 
W. N. Rudd, of Mt. Greenwood, 
Chicago, goes still farther and has 
all loose soil removed from the lot 
until the ceremonies are closed and 
the cortege has departed but also 
makes systematic use of evergreen 
boughs. 
Two views give a clear idea of 
the somewhat different and rather 
more elaborate practice followed 
at Woodlawn, New York. A charge 
of $10.00 is made for supplying a 
lining for the grave as shown with 
evergreens and (in this case) lilies 
and Sprengeri asparagus. The sec- 
ond Woodlawn cut fitly illustrates 
the use and comfort of tent chairs 
and ground covering the latter 
consisting of cocoa matting — mod- 
ern conveniences which should be 
in general use since they not only 
tend to conserve the comfort and 
the health of those in attendance 
but also secure a measure of seclu- 
sion which is in the interest of 
good taste. No charge is made at 
Woodlawn for these admirable ad- 
juncts. 
Both of the Wodlawn pictures were made in con- 
nection with the burial of Mr. Whitney, Secretary of 
State in Cleveland’s cabinet. 
The practical features of the eastern plan appeal to 
TENT, MATTING AND EVERGREEN EARTH 
LAWN CEMETERY, NEW YORK. 
COVERING IN USE AT WOOD- 
GRAVE LINING OF LILIES AND ASPARAGUS, 
NEW YORK. 
WOODLAWN CEMETERY, 
US as excellent and deserving of general adoption 
while the Chicago plan of removing the soil and using 
interlacing evergreen boughs through which the casket 
disappears, seems simple, beautiful and tasteful. 
Frances Copley Seavey. 
P©**P©ttial Care in American Cemeteries. 
By W. N. Rudd. 
Sotne conclitszons draivn from the practice of American cemeteries and the considerations involved in a system of perpetual care. 
General Considerations. making all of these allowances, there still remained so wide 
The question of perpetual care, both general and special, 
is one that confronts the management of all cemeteries and, 
perhaps, is the one most important general issue in the cem- 
etery business. After allowing for the widest differences in 
local conditions and the demands upon the various cemetery 
organizations by the varying classes upon whom they depend 
for patronage, and after separating the reporting companies 
into the two classes into which they naturally fall: namelj, 
those owned by private individuals or corporations and oper- 
ated for the financial gain of their owners, and those operated 
by the lot owners, or in other manner, but in which the en- 
tire receipts are applied to the benefit of the cemetery — after 
a discrepancy in the different views on the subject in all its 
bearings, except in the one fact that perpetual care of some 
kind is essential, that it is evident proper general study has 
not been given the matter, and present conditions may be 
said to be chaotic. 
The word “perpetual” which rolls so glibly from the tongue 
has a vast significance, one beyond the comprehension of the 
human mind, and we must approach the consideration of such 
weighty subjects without the cocksureness so painfully evi- 
dent in some of the articles which have gone before. 
The best guide in solving the mysteries of the future is the 
facts of the past. Let us go back fifty years. Burial places 
