P A R K AND CE M ETER F. 
135 
or staves were placed in an upright position around 
the clog, and joined together by means of adjustable 
steel hoops and screws, so as to form a barrel-shaped 
receptacle. Once the root clog was enclosed in this 
manner, there was no further danger of its crumbling, 
and the remainder of the work could be proceeded 
with without fear of any disturbing difficulties. The 
results obtained were completely satisfactory. Dur- 
ing the past summer the cedars continued to grow 
vigorously and produced strong, healthy shoots. There 
was, in fact absolutely nothing in their appearance 
to indicate any harmful results due tO' the transplant- 
ing process to which they had been subjected. The 
success obtained. in this case encouraged Mr. VTerhoff 
to undertake further transplanting operations on a 
larger scale in the course of last winter, when three 
cedars of still larger size, as well as several other 
large coni ferae, were transplanted. 
The cedars measured from 42^ to 46 feet in 
height, while their spread was about 26^ feet, d'he 
diameter of the root clog was 834 feet in all cases. 
One of the trees successfully transplanted was a 
copper beech tree (Fagus silvatica purpurea), the 
trunk of which measured 334 feet above the ground, 
is 134 feet in diameter, while the root clog measured 
93 ^ feet in diameter. In this case, as well as in that 
of the other transplanted foliage trees, such as horse 
chestnut trees, oaks, elms, etc., it was not necessary to 
enclose the root clog, the roots being sufficiently en- 
tangled to hold the soil. 
A further method of transplanting, which, how- 
ever, can only be used for short distances, likewise 
deserves to be briefly mentioned. In extremely diffi- 
cult cases, when, for instance, the trees or even the 
root clogs are too bulky or toO' heavy, transportation 
by means of rollers is resorted to. In using this 
method it is nearly always necessary to surround the 
root clog with strong boards and hoops, in the man- 
ner already described in this article. The hole around 
the tree must be widened in the direction in which 
THE SPRING 
Silenes alpestris, Virginica, Pennsylvanica, etc., and 
the Cerastiutns arvense grandiflora, alpinum lamatum 
and others are all capable of employment for spring- 
beds or masses. So too are some stellarias Areuarias 
and Sagina pilifera in vars. 
Lychnis dioica fll. pi. is spring flowering and 
sometimes use may be made of the meadow beauty — 
Claytonia Virginica ; it is a dwarf affair, however, 
and perhaps too common. 
Myricaria Germanica is usually sold as a Taniarix. 
The better way will be to get these plants from nur- 
series that will guarantee their season of flowering- 
under whatever name sold, for confusion reigns su- 
preme. Taniarix Gallica seems to be in many forms 
the tree is to be rolled, and all obstructions on the 
ground must be removed, so as to leave a clear path 
to the spot where the tree is to be replanted. This 
path must first be beaten down, levelled and generally 
prepared for this mode of transportation, and boards 
for guiding the rollers mnst then l)e put in place. 
After the root clog has been carefully undermined 
and the supporting rails adjusted, a number of wood- 
en rollers, varying according to the size of the clog, 
are inserted between the boards and the rails. The 
tree is then moved by a crew of laborers, or, in the 
case of an exceptionally heavy and bulky trees, by 
means of a tackle. During transportation the tree 
must be balanced with guy ropes. As the tree is 
being rolled forward, the rollers over which it passes 
are taken up in the rear and placed in position in 
front, and it will be found advisalde to hold a num- 
ber of rollers in reserve for this purpose. This mode 
of transportation was used with the most satisfac- 
tory results for transplanting two high Picea excel- 
sa pyraniidalis on the “Htigel” estate. 
Illustrations 3 and 4 show the transplanting of a 
silver linden Tilia toincntosa, in inidsuinmer. This 
work was done several years ago and was entirely 
successful, a fact which certainly furnishes sufficient 
proof that large foliage trees may, if necessary, be 
transplanted even during the growing season. The 
cuts clearly illustrate the mefliod of handling the 
trucks used on the “Hiigel” estate. It is worthy of 
note that several experiments with the transplanting 
of trees during the summer season had already been 
made on that estate. Nine years ago, for instance, a 
linden tree was transplanted on the occasion of a 
visit of the German Empress and in her presence. 
The tree had first to be transported over a distance 
which it takes from one-half to three-quarter hours 
to cover, viz : from the “Hiigel” estate to the Alten- 
hof Colony, where it was to be replanted. This 
“Kaiserlinden” on the Altenhof is at present a splen- 
didly developed tree. 
GARDEN.— V. 
flowering from spring to summer. 
6 — Aegle sepiaria will strike most people as hereti- 
cal. It is De Candolles’ name for the so-called hardy 
orange, better known in this country as Citrus trifo- 
liata, although almost anybody who knows the Citrus 
genus would doubt its being an orange. It is a 
thorny deciduous shrub, bearing abundance of white 
flowers quite early in the season, and is well worth 
planting for that purpose north to Princeton, N. J. 
It is a capital hedge plant, but I am loth to recom- 
mend it farther north than Virginia without more ex- 
tended trial. 
19 — ^^sculus hippocastanum or Horse chestnuts in 
considerable variety are spring flowering in the 
