191 
PARK AND CEMETERY. 
is of course of pre-eminent importance. If granite or 
similar kinds of rock, for instance, which do not oc- 
cur in layers, were to be used in the same manner 
as stratified rock (such as sandstone, etc.), the result 
would inevitably be ridiculous. 
In the rock garden illustrated here the material used 
was a kind of limestone of a reddish color, and conse- 
sequently stratified rock, with partly regular and part- 
ly irregular layers. But even when we use rock hav- 
ing perfectly regular layers, it is wrong to be exceed- 
ingly careful in placing the strata or layers strictly 
parallel and at the same angle, when building up the 
rock scenery. Every quarry furnishes proof of the 
fact that even natural rock may produce a stiff effect 
which is far from beautiful. In nature we do not so 
much admire the regular strata, but rather such rocks 
as are deeply cleft and torn asunder by volcanic or 
other influences, which impress us with the charm 
of wild, romantic scenery. 
The most effective arrangement of stratified rock 
in the rock garden, is consequently that which creates 
the impression in the spectator that the powerful 
forces of nature, such as earthquakes, for instance, 
have been at work and which show the rocks, although 
forming a picturesque whole, in irregular groups, cleft 
open and torn asunder, and so placed that each sepa- 
rate group shows more or less distinctly the character- 
istics of stratified rock, although the strata of neigh- 
boring groups may often run in opposite directions. 
In order to show that it is possible to obey this nat- 
ural law even in small pieces of rock scenery, I have 
photographed the rocks in Wellington Park both be- 
fore and after completion. 
One illustration shows the general arrangement and 
building up of the rocks. Cement was used exclusive- 
ly for making watertight the bottom and sides of the 
pond, and of the “creek” which flows over the grotto. 
The rocks, however, were imbedded in suitable earth 
in such a manner that plants could be grown even in 
the very narrow crevices. 
The effect of the planting may be observed in the 
other illustration. This photograph was taken several 
months later, but exactly from the same point as the 
first. A comparison of the two pictures, especially 
when viewed from left to right, shows that nearly 
all the rocks which are visible in the “before” picture 
can be readily distinguished in the other, notwith- 
standing the plant growth. 
The entire bottom and walls of the pond were made 
water-tight with cement in such a manner that no 
trace of that unsightly material remains visible. 
Concerning the planting, the background consists 
mainly of Picea polita and P. Remonti, Pinus pumilio, 
Taxus Dovastoni, Juniperus Sabina, Berberis steno- 
phylla. Spiraea arguta, Euonymus radicans fob arg. 
var., Escallonia Philippiana, Cytisus purpureus incar- 
natus. Rhododendron daphnoides, Rh. ferrugineum 
and Rh. arbutifolium, several Erica and Calluna, 
Veronica buxifolia and V. carnosula, etc., etc. 
For covering the rocks such plants had to be se- 
lected as would grow readily and need no special care. 
Among others used for this purpose were many 
Helianthus, Gentiana acaulis, Veronica alpina, Lith- 
ospermum prostratum and L. purpureo-coeruleum, 
Dryas octopetala, Heuchera sanguinea, Dianthus al- 
pestris, D. alpinus and D. caesius. Geranium san- 
guineum, Phlox setacea. Phlox canadensis, Andros- 
ace sarmentosa, Ramondia Nathaliae, Waldsteinia 
trifoliata, Daphne cneorum, many varieties of Saxi- 
fraga, Sedum, Sempervivum, etc., etc. 
Among the plants used for ornamenting the banks 
are Primula rosea, Rodgersia podophylla. Iris ger- 
manica and I. Kaempferi, Caltha palustris fl. pi., Cy- 
perus longus, Astilbe rivularis, Carex Regina, Juncus 
effusus aureus. Spiraea palmata and Sp. astilboides, 
Scirpus lacustris. Inula, Helenium, etc., etc. 
Some water lilies and other aquatic plants were like- 
wise used, for instance : Nymphaea Marliacea chro- 
matella, N. Vlarliacea carnea, N. Laydekeri rosea, N. 
Laydekeri lilacina purpurata, N. odorata sulphurea 
and Menyanthes trifoliata. 
All the plants, not only for the “rock garden,” but 
likewise for the remaining park grounds, were fur- 
nished by the firm of Robert Veitch & Son, of Exeter, 
and the improvements made under the direction of 
their landscape gardener. 
F. W. Meyer. 
THE COST OF THE PARKS OF NEW YORK 
In a report recently submitted to Controller Metz, 
of Greater New York, by tbe Bureau of Municipal 
Investigation and Statistics as to the cost of land for 
certain parks in Manhattan and The Bronx and the 
annual appropriations for parks in the five boroughs, 
it is shown that the original cost of the big parks has 
been as follows : 
Area, 
Park. ’ Acres. 
Central 839-92 
Bronx 917.12 
Pelham Bay 
Van Cortlandt 1,132.35 
Crotona 155 
Riverside Drive and Parkway 
Cost of 
Lands. 
$5,028,844.00 
L563.459-6.'I 
2,746,666.69 
2,210,807.35 
1,281,261.43 
2,837,639.85 
Total $24,111,539.81 
Four additions have been made to Crotona Park 
since it was acquired, 19 years ago, and six extensions 
have been made to Riverside Park since 1891. The 
Crotona Park extensions cost $140,000, while the ex- 
tensions to Riverside Park cost the city $2,278,000. 
This was more than the original outlay for either Pel- 
ham Bay Park or Van Cortlandt, although the area of 
t 
