225 
PARK AND 
be found. In short, they are indispensable, and we 
could no more get along without them than without 
the telephone, the railroads or the daily paper or any- 
thing else that seems a part of life when' one is once 
used to it. Nowadays were are learning not to stick 
them around miscellaneously in the lawn, but to use 
them as Nature uses them — in quantities and masses 
mostly, to make a frame or border for a lawn. The 
average shrubbery is planted in close order to grow 
into a thicket and produce what is called an “immed- 
iate effect;” but while this may be good for the “im- 
mediate effect” and for the wholesale dealer in shrubs, 
it is not for the ultimate good of the whole shrubbery 
or of the individual shrubs. The ideal shrubbery 
would have all its shrubs fully developed, yet touch- 
ing; but if they are set far enough apart for such a 
result, the owner is pretty sure to make the lawn to 
overflow among them like the tide rising among the 
Thousand Islands. 
An effect of smug and hideous neatness is produced. 
CEMETERY. 
the growth of the bushes is materially interfered with 
and the hired man who has to run the mowing ma- 
chine around the endless kinks and corners strikes for 
higher wages, gets a new job, or takes to drink, some- 
times all of them. If the ground between the bushes 
is kept cultivated — the hoe is enough — it not only 
grows them better, with a fourth of the labor, but 
looks very much better and more workmanlike. The 
edge of the lawn should be kept sharp, but not run 
into little recesses and projections to fit the outer row 
of shrubs. Let the line of the edge be long, clear and 
flowing. If you are too impatient to wait for the 
shrubs to meet and make a continuous mass, fill up 
the intervening spaces with tall perennials, sunflowers, 
hollyhocks, goldenglow, Butomus, boronia, with lower 
■growing things like peonies, phlox, coreopsis, gail- 
lardia and other plants of thrifty habit that will not 
look out of character with the shrubbery along the 
borders ; they will be crowded out as the shrubs de- 
velop and cover the ground. H. A. Caparn. 
THE INTERDEPENDENCE OF FORESTRY AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 
The interdependence of forestry and irrigation, and 
forestry and lumbering have been much discussed, but 
few people seem to realize the important bearing which 
forestry and landscape architecture have on each other, 
writes Samuel Cabot, Jr., in Forestry and Irrigation. 
Woodland is the most important feature in natural 
scenery capable of human control and is therefore the 
most useful material the landscape architect has to 
work with in informal landscape design. Woodland 
again is obviously the means, the aim, and the end of 
forestry. It would be, then, extraordinary if two pro- 
fessions working largely in the same material, should 
not each cover some part of the province of the other, 
that is, if forestry (i. e., “The wise use of forests”) 
would not be “wise” in employing landscape architec- 
ture, and vice versa. 
In the eastern part of our country real estate is high 
and forest land divided up largely among small own- 
ers. There is also much demand for beautiful sites for 
spring, summer, and autumn residences. These, how- 
ever, only anticipate conditions that will be true event- 
ually in other parts of the country. People are con- 
stantly buying land for residences, farms and wood- 
lots at many times their value as crop or timber pro- 
ducers. Here is where the farseeing forester should 
do what he can to enhance the beauty of the land in 
his charge and raise its value as a house site. Is there 
a beautiful view from the place? Do not let it be 
choked with trees, but cut a vista, that the possible 
purchaser may realize it. Is there an attractive situa- 
tion for a house backed by an imposing pine grove? 
Then Ip-^vp the grove ; it is only worth $8 a thousand 
at the mfll. and some millionaire may feel that he can- 
not live without it. There are many more possibilities 
of this kind. I know of several instances where well- 
placed pine groves and, in one case, a single tree, 
have determied building sites. Many times a clump of 
stately trees, conspicuously placed, covering, perhaps, 
half an acre of land, has attracted a purchaser for a 
hundred acre farm. I can recall a case where lum- 
bering operations happened to expose a delightful 
view, a man in a motor car happened to come along, 
happened to see the view and bought it on the spot. 
Do not make chance your real estate agent. 
Now we come to land reserved purely for recreation 
and beauty. There are many such in the east, either 
private grounds or state and metropolitan reservations. 
If left to themselves the trees have the usual struggle 
for existence ; in youth an impenetrable tangle ; in ma- 
turity a good forest, but strewn with dead and decay- 
ing timber uninviting and difficult, and only in old age, 
after a century of struggle, a fine open forest such as 
we most love, but passing soon to unlovely decay. If 
this were treated by practical forestry the less attrac- 
tive period of youth would be shortened by improve- 
ment thinnings, maturity worfld have the open park- 
line quality of old age, and old age itself be all the 
heartier. When ripe the old trees would be cut off 
after a crop of new reproduction was established. Thus 
the sad period of decay would be done away with and 
considerable revenue would be assured from the land. 
I have not tried to make a plea for either the 
aesthetic or the practical side of the “wise use of for- 
ests,” for each has plenty of ardent supporters, but 
have endeavored to reconcile the two which seem to 
me to have worked rather at cross purposes, and have 
attempted to suggest that neither can reach full 
efficiency without the help of the other. 
