587 
PARK AND CEMETERY. 
profusion. Among the spiraea, the 
-\'arieties Van Houttei, Anthony Wa- 
'.terer. Prunifolia, and Bumalda are 
most used. Sumac, honeysuckles and 
barberries are to be found everywhere. 
The viburnums, headed by the old- 
fashioned snowball (Viburnum opu- 
-lus) form a most interesting group, 
-while the Japan quince (Cydonia Ja- 
ponica), several varieties of tamarax 
and a number of representatives of 
the prune family give height and char- 
acter to many groups. The mountain 
ash (Pyrus Americana), half shrub 
and half tree, glories in park condi- 
tions and in the autumn its clusters 
of red iierries are most attractive. A 
number of the dogwoods are present, 
notably Cornus stolonifera, C. san- 
guinea and C. alba forming striking 
masses of red in contrast with the 
Hvhite snow of winter. Of the barber- 
ries two forms are most common. 
Berberis vulgaris, our common bar- 
berry, provides a valuable plant where 
impregnable barriers are desired, 
vwhile the little Japanese form. Ber- 
iberis Thunbergii, forms dense masses 
lof low growing shrubs which in the 
■fall show masses of bright crimson 
berries. A companion piece of the 
latter is the matrimony vine (Lycium 
vulgaris), a dense growing little shrub 
with elongated red fruit. 
In many places on the lawn groups 
of hardy roses are used with 
charming effect, those most success- 
fully grown being Rosa setigera, R. 
rubiginosa, R. Carolina, R. lucida, R. 
multiflora and R. nitida. The Rugosas 
and their hybrids are especially desir- 
able on account of their foliage, a 
feature usually found wanting in the 
rose family, while perhaps, most 
charming of all, forming low masses 
of exquisite beauty, with their dense, 
glossy green leaves and hosts of pink 
flowers, are the Wichuraianas. 
On account of the rigorous climate 
and the quantity of lime present in 
the soil of the region, most members 
of the Ericaceae family are unable to 
grow without artificial means. Shel- 
tered by a tiny hill just east of the 
bear pits there is growdng, however, 
a mass of Rhododendron maximum, 
■with a limited number of Kalmia lati- 
folia, the mountain laurel of the east- 
ern hills, which never fail to strike a 
responsive chord in the lovers of 
these charming plants. 
The rose garden is situated direct- 
ly north of the Lincoln monument, 
near the Dearborn street entrance to 
the park, forming the southern ex- 
tremity of*the Mall (an elm-bordered 
promenade leading to the shore of the 
south pond). The garden forms a 
sunken area, the surrounding banks of 
which are planted out with native 
roses and other shrubs. In the beds 
the hybrid perpetuals are represented 
by the roses Alfred Colomb, Fisher 
Holmes, General Jacqueminot, Mine. 
Gabriel Luizet, Marshall P. Wilder, 
Airs. John Laing, Paul Nej^ron and 
Ulrich Brunner, the hybrid teas by 
Captain Christy, Kaiserin Auguste 
Victoria, Carolina Testout; the Wich- 
urianas, Rugosas and Briers are 
represented by several varieties. 
Uninteresting, indeed, would be the 
park without its perennials and herb- 
aceous borders. These denizens of 
the field and wood always produce a 
subtle charm to the observer, whether 
the season be spring, summer or au- 
tumn. If conditions are unpropitious 
in a great metropolitan park for tree 
and shrub ' growth, the lot of these 
tenderer forms of plant life must be 
doubly so. In several places in the 
park, how'ever, where unusual protec- 
tion can be given, herbaceous borders 
are maintained, prominently among 
these being along the western border 
near the conservatories, where is to 
be found “Grandmother’s Garden,” 
formed by a strip of open lawn, bor- 
dered on either side by massed plant- 
ings of trees and shrubs, edged with 
irregular beds of perennials. In the 
arrangement botanical sequence is 
omitted for landscape composition, 
and, although individuals are careful- 
ly labeled, the groups are placed pri- 
marily to give harmony of color and 
form. Altogether, dver four hundred 
and fifty species are represented, 
forming a continuous bloom from 
early spring to late fall. Here is to 
be found, first of all in the spring, the 
dainty purple blooms of the scilla, 
which never fail to give joy to park 
devotees. Many of the economic 
plants intermingle with forms not un- 
commonly known in various parts of 
the country as rVeeds, and which, 
strange to say, often furnish the most 
beautiful of flowers. Here are the gen- 
tians and the foxgloves, the rose mal- 
lows and the lilies, the primroses and 
the bell flowers. The anemone and 
the trillium give way to the delphin- 
ium and althea and the violets and the 
pansies nestle modestly among the 
irises and spireas. The country boy 
here again finds, to his delight, the 
mint, the mullein and the milkweed 
and perhaps for the first time sees 
that there is beauty even in the this- 
tle. The place is a text book for the 
student, a joy to the horticulturist, a 
trystmg place for the lover, and alto- 
gether a place delightful. 
Three small ponds near the con- 
servatories are used for the propaga- 
tion of aquatics and shore plants. 
Two of these, situated on the east- 
ern border of the parterre, are plant- 
ed out with a collection of native and 
exotic Nymphaeas and Nelumbiums, 
together with the gigantic Victoria 
Regia and V. Trickerii. Along the 
shores dense masses of water hyacinth 
are kept in subjection only by the use 
of barriers. Cat tails, pickerel weed 
and lilies in variety thrive along the 
shaded water edge under the lee of 
the miniature hills. 
VALUE OF ATHLETICS IN THE PLAYGROUNDS 
From an address before the American Association 
of Park Superintendents, by George W. Ehler 
We find now a growing sentiment 
that it is the business of the state to 
make the living conditions of the in- 
dividual as tolerable as possible. It 
has been the tendency of the law to 
make the working conditions of the 
individual better and now we need to 
make the city a good place to live 
in as well as work in. We are be- 
ginning to get down to the causes of 
things and endeavor to change the 
situation in our cities and towns and 
do away with those conditions which 
tend to make impossible the living of 
the life which we come to believe in, 
as necessary to happiness and effi- 
ciency, the possibility of fresh air and 
outdoor life and reasonable rest and 
recreation. 
This has a meaning to the man who 
has interest in the outdoor life, the 
park, playground and bath. In our 
cities to-day it is impossible to have 
anything at all appropriate or ade- 
quate for the great mass of the people. 
This thing has taken a tremen- 
dous grip upon the people. The news- 
papers of Baltimore recently have 
been having discussions about the 
fact that many houses are vacant 
and people not looking for them, and 
saying that it is because conditions 
in the suburbs have so attracted the 
s. 
