669 
PARK AND CEMETERY. 
•doing job work in a very small city. 
After the third article appeared peo- 
ple began to sit up and take notice; 
after the sixth they began to take a 
little nourishment, first in homeo- 
pathic dosage. Now they are taking 
allopathic treatment and I employ 
seven men. The same thing may be 
accomplished anywhere where there 
is soil and water. “Civic Beauty" is 
a contagious disease. The public at 
large, whether in the burg of 75 or 
the industrial center of seven hun- 
dred and fifty thousand, are anxious 
to become infected. The trouble is 
with the florist and gardener, not 
with the public. In complete ignor- 
ance of the simple rules of good soil 
preparation and intelligent handling 
of plants, trees and shrubbery the flor- 
ist and gardener has gloated over the 
layman, thinking he’d make more 
money the more failures were met. 
Discouraged, the layman lost heart, 
only to have feeble, spasmodic re- 
turns to beauty after a visit to some 
city where civic beauty reigns su- 
preme. The remedy lies in educating 
the layman to the rules for success in 
the simplest manner and language 
possible, taking him through the kin- 
dergarten as it were to the ward 
school. After you’ve got him well 
along in the ward school he, of his 
own volition, will want to enter the 
high school of landscape gardening. I 
have found publishers of small papers 
of very limited circulation equally as 
anxious to publish them as big city 
papefs, for the subject calls for sup- 
plies practically from all lines of le- 
gitimate merchandising and the busi- 
ness acumen of the editor sees in- 
creased advertising. In the past we 
have been too jealous of our “se- 
crets" fearing the layman would do 
the work himself. On the contrary, 
his efforts usually result in failure, as 
he tries to impart the knowledge to 
incompetent labor who are mere au- 
tomata trained to kill time and draw 
dividends Saturday night for doing it. 
After one or two efforts he comes to 
the man who has been educating him 
and is willing to submit to a fair 
price in return for a fair service. Try 
educational Publicity. Texas. 
Getting Rid of the Cottony Maple 
Scale. 
There seems to be too little knowl- 
edge of the Cottony maple scale, as 
to the remedies, etc. The pest is 
causing some alarm here. What is the 
best way to keep the past down? Can 
some one give information from ex- 
perience? — W. W. H., N. Y. 
The Bnreau of Entomology of the 
Department of Agriculture has pub- 
lished an illustrated monograph, “The 
Cottony Maple Scale,” issued as Cir- 
cular No. 64 of this Bureau, which 
ma}' be otbained on application to the 
department. It gives a very com- 
plete description of the insect, its 
habits and its parasites, from which 
we gather the follow;ing information: 
Sporadic outbreaks of the Cottony 
maple scale, Piihinaria innumerabilis, 
in various parts of the country have 
been reported from time to time for 
many years, but in each case natural 
enemies have subsequently increased 
it on 47 different species of trees, 
shrubs and vines including various 
species of maples, oak, linden, elm, 
willow, poplar, beech, hawthorn, 
sycamore, locust, hackberry, osage 
orange, mulberry, grape, poison ivy, 
apple, pear, plum, peach, currant, 
gooseberry, rose and Virginia creeper. 
The large white, flocculent masses 
resembling popcorn fastened to the 
twigs which appear on infested trees 
during the month of June, are the 
cottony (really waxy) ovisacs of the 
female, provided for the retention of 
the eggs after oviposition (fig. 1). 
FIG. 1.— PULVINARIA INNUMERABILIS 
(COTTONY MAPLE SCALE); ADULT 
FEMALES ON TWIG. WITH EGG SACS 
NATURAL SIZE. 
sufficiently to effectually check its 
progress. Recently many reports of 
its extreme abundance have come 
from Chicago and vicinity, and from 
various sections of Illinois, Indiana, 
Wisconsin and Iowa. It is interest- 
ing to note that most of the reports 
of serious injury by this insect come 
from those states or portions of states 
north of the fortieth parallel, where 
it seems to be attacked by fewer 
parasites than in the southern re- 
gions. A map of its distribution pre- 
pared from locality cards shows that 
it is distinctively an Upper Austral 
zone species, but occasionally reaches 
the Transition zone. The cottony 
maple scale is classified in the soft, 
unarmored group (Non-Diaspinae) 
of the family Coccidae, and does 
not differ superfically from the 
Lecaniums, except in the for- 
mation of an ovisac by the female 
of the Pulvinaria. The male insect 
is a very small and delicate two- 
winged fly which develops its latter 
stage under a glassy test or covering 
and emerges late in August or early 
in September. 
The various species of maples, es- 
pecially the soft maple {Acer Sac- 
charinuin) , including the box elder 
(Acer Negundo) , are the favorite food 
plants of this species. The writer 
of this bulletin has, however, found 
Fig. 2. — Pulvinai'ia innumerabilis: a. 
ri'ewly hatched young; b, female, third 
stage, from above; c, same from side; 
d, male, third stage; e, same, natural 
size on leaf and petiole; f, same, 
enlarged on leaf petiole, showing two 
speejmens parasitized; alt greatly 
enlarged except e. 
These may contain as many as 1,500 
minute, oval, pale reddish-yellow 
eggs. 
The larv« hatch at various dates 
from June 1 to August 15, depend- 
ing on the latitude and exposure to 
the sun’s rays. After remaining in 
the ovisac for a day or two, they 
swarm over the twigs, instinctively 
migrating toward the light, and settle 
on the leaves along the midribs and 
veins, always preferring the under 
surface (fig. ^,c). The larvae on box- 
elder become active somewhat in ad- 
vance of those on maple. This dif- 
ference may be due to the food, but 
it must be remembered that the shade 
of the box-elder is less dense than 
that of the maple, and consequently 
the greater amount of heat and light 
may be the controlling factor. The 
male larvae, when fully grown, as- 
sume a propupal stage from which 
they pass to the true pupal stage, hav- 
ing a pinkish hue. In a few days the 
winged males appear, but remain be- 
neath the scale for two or three days 
before emerging. The females at this 
time have a few dorsal brownish mark- 
ings and have undergone two molts. 
The males and females copulate in Sep- 
tember, and soon afterward a small 
