PARK AND CEMETERY. 
70G 
another cemetery where careful man- 
agement and fine landscape effects 
are sought. The rules of the Munich 
cemetery governing the erection of 
monuments and the care of family 
vaults, are very comprehensive and 
carefully drawn, and offer interesting 
comparison with the regulations of 
the best modern American cemeteries. 
They are as follows: 
Sec. 1. The cemetery comprises single 
graves placed in rows, single graves ar- 
ranged by families, joint graves for fami- 
lies, vaults to be rented, catacombs with- 
out superstructures, and catacombs with 
superstructures. 
Sec. 2. In the use of this forest as a 
cemetery the general tone of a free and 
unhampered Nature shall be preserved as 
far as possible; in the laying out of the 
graves this purpose shall constantly be kept 
in view. This general tone or impression 
of Nature should not be destroyed in the 
course of erecting monuments, by the placing 
in propinquity of monuments of discordant 
architectural designs or by the fencing in 
of graves or monuments. 
Sec. 3. In order to avoid such relative 
architectural discord and in order to pre- 
serve a uniform and harmonious tone, in 
the cemetery, it is hereby ordered that the 
following regulations be carefully observed 
and the adjoining tombstones is avoided by 
the judicious planting of trees and shrubs. 
Sec. 5. If it is desired to place a mound 
over any grave it must be of the arched 
type and must not, at its highest point, be 
higher than thirty or forty centimeters. 
Sloping or box-like barrows are forbidden. 
White paper wreaths will not be permitted. 
All planting on or around the graves must 
be done with a view of preserving unity 
and , harmony, from an artistic standpoint, 
in the appearance of the cemetery. 
Sec. 6. All fencing in of graves is strictly 
forbidden. Fences spoil the illusion of a 
free Nature, created by the forest, and are 
unpleasant blots upon the landscape. 
Sec. 7. The above regulations must be 
strictly observed by each and every pos- 
sessor of a lot. 
Sec. 8. The consent of the management 
of the cemetery must be obtained before 
any monument may be erected. This per- 
mission must be applied for in the office of 
the municipal government, the petition 
being accompanied by the plans or models 
on a scale of one to five, and by a state- 
ment as to the kind of materials to be 
used, as to the colors in which the monu- 
ment is to be decorated, and as to the in- 
scription which is to be made. The plans 
must be presented in duplicate. 
Sec. 9. The regulations put into force by 
the municipal government on the 24th of 
February, 1898, with respect to the erection 
of monuments, planting of trees, etc., on. all 
city cemeteries, are valid and enforceable 
as to the Forest Cemetery, only in as far 
IN THE CENTER OF THE “HONOR SECTION,’' OHLSDORF CEMETERY 
in the laying-out of the graves and in the 
erection of all monuments and tombstones 
in the cemetery. 
For this purpose there have been pre- 
pared certain plats laying the entire ceme- 
tery out into several subdivisions, in some 
of which only standing tombstones, in 
others only flat ones may be erected, those 
general subdivisions being again divided 
into those in which only iron tombstones 
and those in which only wooden, ones are 
permitted. The management has put in all 
the foundations necessary for the graves and 
for the fixed portions of the subdivisions. 
The erection of all further foundations is 
absolutely prohibited. 
The monuments and vaults cannot, where 
the foundations are already constructed, 
exceed two meters in height, one meter in 
width, and sixty centimeters in depth, and 
in the absence of foundations, a meter and 
a half in height, seventy-five centimeters in 
width, and fifty centimeters in depth. 
Sec. 4. On large family graves and over 
groups of sepai'ate graves all belonging to 
one family, monuments larger than the 
above can be erected, providing they are of 
artistic value and providing that a discord 
from the artistic standpoint, between them 
as they do not conflict with the above regu- 
lations. 
Sec 10. The duty of the enforcement of 
all the regulations respecting the cemetery 
shall rest upon a special commission ap- 
pointed for that purpose by the municipal 
government, said commission also passing 
upon all petitions for the erection of monu- 
ments filed in accordance with the pro- 
visions of section eight above. This com- 
mission shall consist of a counsellor of the 
municipal government as chairman, of the 
administrative board of cemeteries, and of 
one representative of the city department 
of buildings. 
Sec. 11. The municipality shall not be 
liable for any damage to monuments or 
graves caused by snowstorms or windstorms. 
SUPPLEMENT. Directions as to the 
proper decorations for graves in the Forest 
Cemetery. 
(a) . The value of a monument lies not 
in its high cost but in its artistic harmon- 
izing with its environments. 
(b) . For the Forest Cemetery the most 
appropriate materials to be used in the con- 
struction of monuments are tufaceous lime- 
stone. granular limestone, nagelflue, chalk- 
stone. and granite. Carrara marble and all 
polished or dai'k stones will be i)ermitted 
only in exceptional cases, the position of the 
grave being in this respect the determining 
element. 
fc). Other appropriate materials for 
tombstones are enameled wrought iron, 
painted oak or larch, and cast bronze in 
conjunction with stone. 
(d) . By means of decorating and gilding 
highly artistic effects can be attained. 
(e) . The inscriptions on. the tombstones 
should also be made to serve a decorative 
purpose; therefore they should be laid out 
^■ery carefully and not painted in glaring 
colors. Type or rough-surface inscriptions 
are forbidden. 
(f) . It should be carefully observed that 
there are not too great variations in the 
forms and shapes of the different tomb- 
stones and monuments from one subdivision 
to another. For order is beauty. Col- 
lectively and singly they should produce an 
artistic unity and should bear a mutual 
relation toward each other. It is through 
the forms of individual monuments that a 
unified and congruous entirety can be pro- 
duced. Cheap tombstones made in whole- 
sale lots according to a uniform pattern are 
forbidden. 
(g) . For the decorating of the graves 
the following recommend themselves es- 
pecially: the various kinds of mosses, ferns, 
juniper, clusters of wild vine and flowers, 
the latter in appropriate selection. Arti- 
ficial beds of plants are forbidden. 
THE COVER ILLUSTRATION 
The illustration on the front cover 
of this issue shows an excellent ex- 
ample of cemetery fence, which sug- 
gests complete and substantial pro- 
tection. Its rigid construction and 
simplicity of design also add a touch 
of beauty. 
The wisdom of proper protection 
of cemeteries is no longer doubted. 
From a business standpoint it must 
be admitted that such protection is 
equally as important as the beauti- 
fying of the grounds; the one invites 
public confidence, the other attracts 
in a similar manner; both are neces- 
sary to meet the popular idea of a 
modern burial place. 
The subject of our illustration was 
taken from a section of fence at Rose 
Hill Cemetery, Chicago, which sep- 
arates these beautiful grounds from 
the Chicago & Northwestern Railway 
tracks, where the property skirts the 
right of way. It was designed, built 
and erected by the Stewart Iron 
Works Company, of Cincinnati, O. 
There are some 2,600 feet of this 
design, which is 5 ft. 6 in. high; %-in. 
square pickets, centered 41^ in. apart, 
with lj4-in. square line posts spaced 
8 feet on centers. 
* * 
Note: In referring to the fence at 
Washington Cemetery, illustrated on 
the cover of our last issue, the length 
of fence given should have read 
2.5,000 instead of 2,500 feet. 
