PARK AND CEMETERY. 
782 
flower, lasting a very long time after 
being cut. The white-flowered form is 
very fine indeed, of a more clear white 
than the flowers of the next species. 
Range: Quebec, to the Northwest 
Territory, Georgia and Missouri. 
Yellowish Gentian, White Gentian 
(Gentiana flavida Asa Gray, 1846). 
In 1848 Dr. Asa Gray named this 
plant as Gentiana alba in his Manual, 
but this name had been given by Muh- 
lenburgh to the white variety of Gen- 
tiana Andrewsii in 1818, making this 
name untenable. 
This very handsome Gentian is much 
larger than Gentiana Andrewsii, rank- 
ing next to Gentiana Saponaria with 
respect to size. Plant, even without 
flowers, very handsome, growing like 
the other perennial Gentians in tufts, 
which become very large with age, aris- 
ing 1 to 3 feet from a large, coarsely 
branching, yellowish, very bitter root, 
the whole plant being very bitter, as are 
all our other Gentians, all being excel- 
lent tonics in medicine. Leaves of 
very light clear green, contrasting fine- 
ly with the dark green foliage of Gen- 
tiana Andrewsii, somewhat shining. 
Flowers much larger than those of the 
Closed Blue Gentian, 114 to 2 inches 
long, campanulate-funnel-form, opening 
very widely for the group, in very large 
auxiliary and terminal clusters, sessile, 
yellowish or greenish-white, indeed 
very neat and handsome — if anything, 
handsomer than Gentiana Andrewsii — 
and, like it, well worthy of a place in 
any flower garden. While it sometimes 
grows in wet marshes or swamps like 
Gentiana Andrewsii, it usually grows 
in dryish to dry sandy soils, in shade 
or sunshine, either bordering swamps, 
streams or lakes, or on quite high hills. 
Just as easy to grow as is Gentiana 
Andrewsii, flourishing in dryer and 
more sandy places than that species 
will. Range, Ontario to Virginia, Ken- 
tucky to Minnesota. 
Narrow-leaved Gentian (Gentiana lin- 
earis Froel.). 
Unlike the other perennial species I 
have thus far described, this is a very 
slender species, growing from 8 inches 
to 2 feet high, tufted, leafy, very smooth. 
Leaves very narrow, linear or lance- 
linear, acute at both ends, 3-veined. 
Flowers in auxiliary or terminal clus- 
ters, more slender than the others I 
have described, 1 to 1)4 inches long, 
oblong-funnel-form, blue, open, with 
short, rounded, erect corolla lobes. A 
very pretty plant, found in bogs and on 
mountains, New Brunswick and On- 
tario to Maryland. 
Red-stemmed Gentian (Gentiana rubri- 
caulis Schvvien.). 
Tufted, 1 to 2 feet high, very smooth, 
with slender, round stems, and rather 
distant, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate 
leaves, rounded at base, and acuminate 
at apex, lower narrower and obtuse. 
Flowers in dense terminal and auxiliary 
clusters, sessile, larger and broader 
than those of Gentiana linearis, 1)4 
inches long, greenish-blue or bright 
blue, open. The ovate, acute corolla 
lobes are much longer than those of 
Gentiana linearis. Very unlike that 
species in all other respects, and well 
worthy of a place in our ornamental 
gardening. Range, in wet soil. New 
Brunswick, to central New York, west- 
ern Ontario and Minnesota. 
The Propagation of American Peren- 
nial Gentians. 
All may be grown by divisions of the 
roots, being sure to so cut the roots 
that one or more buds are left upon 
the crown, I think the best way to 
grow them in large quantities is from 
the seeds. All our perennial species 
have very light, chaffy seeds, more or 
less broadly winged, white or yellowish, 
very small. All Gentians h.ave seeds 
that germinate best at a very low tem- 
perature. The best way to grow them 
is therefore to sow them in the fall as 
soon as ripe in cold frtimes or cool 
greenhouses, in a moist atmosphere. 
Being very small, they should be sown 
very shallow, but under no considera- 
tion suffered to dry out. Should be kept 
partially shaded until the plants are well 
up. It would be useless to undertake 
to sow these Gentians in the open 
ground in the spring, as the weather 
w'ould become too warm before the 
seeds would have a chance to germi- 
nate and grow sufficiently large to en- 
dure the warm sun's rays. Should the 
ground become too hot and too dry be- 
fore the plants are well started, the 
plants would be quite apt to die. This 
probably explains why so many have 
failed in growing our native American 
Gentians from the seeds. I close, hop- 
ing I have aroused a special interest in 
these beautiful native flowers, and 
helped some on to their successful cul- 
ture. 
ASKED AND ANSWERED 
An exchange of experience on practical matters by our readers. You 
are invited to contribute questions and answers to this department 
■Watering and Cultivating Street 
Trees. 
Since the discussion of watering 
street trees recently published in this 
department, the interesting illustra- 
tion of the German method of tree 
watering shown here, appeared in 
Moeller’s Deutsche Gaertiier-Zeitung, 
with a descriptive account of the work 
as carried out in Hanover by Arthur 
Glogau, Chief City Gardener of Han- 
over. Mr. Glogau says : 
“Whenever the trees were cared 
for in the right way and given suffi- 
cient attention, there was not the 
slightest trace of damage. In the 
district assigned to my care, all the 
trees planted along the highway (in- 
cluding even the acacias, although 
these are taken care of last of all), 
start to receive a thorough watering al- 
ready in May or June, The plan fol- 
lowed is to give each tree of medium 
size, at least one cubic meter of wa- 
ter, care being taken not to cut or 
destroy the roots which are some- 
times uncovered when the soil from 
around the base of the tree is tem- 
porarily removed. The accompany- 
ing picture shows just how this is 
done. Six weeks later this watering is 
repeated, the tree being fertilized with 
manure whenever that is possible and 
seems necessary. The results of this 
process were excellent; even the most 
excessive heat did not damage the 
trees in the least. This year, bear- 
ing the experiences of past years in 
mind, I watered the trees even more 
thoroughly than ever before, and re- 
sults far surpassed those in the past. 
The red chestnuts which are usually 
among the first to display seared 
leaves, and barren tops, this year re- 
tained their green foliage much long- 
er than in past years, due solely to 
this watering process. The maples, 
which so often are attacked by dis- 
ease, and also shed their green leaves 
so early, have shown much greater 
durability owing to the satisfactory 
humidity of the soil. The lindens, 
and even the rare variety of Krim- 
lindens, which are always the easiest 
pre}^ of the heat, have responded 
gratefully to the watering and kept 
their freshness much longer than us- 
ually. The Hungarian silver-linden, 
Tilia tomentosa, which is usually a 
very good road tree, being by far the 
most hardy of the Lindens, proved 
more durable than ever. The red 
whortleberries, Sorbxis Aria lutescens, 
gave me the greatest pleasure, how- 
