PARK AND CEMETERY, 
5 
the year. The subsequent supervision should be a 
separate matter from the original design and execu- 
tion of the work. If an agreement for a given amount 
per year is made for supervision, the landscape gar- 
dener will feel more free to inspect the work as 
often as he may deem advisable than if he charges 
for each visit. His income should increase with 
his skill and experience, just as that of a lawyer in- 
creases when his ability is demonstrated by his prac- 
tice, or the charges of a painter increase when the 
critics recognize the merit of his productions. 
The foregoing brief outline may be more briefly 
summarized as follows: I. The term “Landscape 
Gardener” has the prestige of more than a cen- 
tury’s use, and seems in every way preferable to 
“Landscape Engineer” or “Landscape Architect.” 
2. A Landscape Gardener’s work consists in a pre- 
liminary study of the ground with reference to the 
purpose for which it is to be used; the preparation 
of a design intended to produce an artistic effect by 
arranging the trees, shrubs and other plants so that 
they will form a pleasing combination with the 
buildings, distant views or other features of the site 
and a supervision of the planting until the character 
of the place is established. 3. The charge for a 
design should be a stated amount agreed upon be- 
tween the landscape gardener and his client, and 
an agreement should also be made with regard to 
subsequent supervision. 
In conclusion it may be well to state that the 
best result will only be attained when the client has 
an intelligent appreciation of what is aimed at by 
the landscape gardener, and is in full sympathy 
with him. O. C. Simonds. 
COLUMN OF VICTORY, BERLIN. 
In a certain sense the Column of Victorv, 
erected early in the 70’s to commemorate the three 
recent wais in which Prussia was victorious, and 
which have led to her present greatness, is a fitting 
precedent to the national monument just now 
erected in honor of the Prussian king and first Ger- 
man emperor, who was the leading figure in these 
achievements. This Column of Victory is 136 feet 
high. It is of bronze, and its crenelated body is 
flanked and decorated in three rows by bronze 
cannons taken from the Danes ( 1864), Austrians 
(1866) and French (1870-71) during those three 
campaigns. Above the column rises the colossal 
statue of the Goddess of Victory, of bronze and very 
heavily gilded, so that at its altitude it serves as a 
point visible from afar in almost every quarter of 
the city. Around the lower and broader part of 
the column runs a colonnade made of polished 
granite, and around the column, inside the colon- 
nade, are a series of fresco paintings glorifying vic- 
tory. The foundation, forming a square, is a piece 
of polished granite, but of a darker shade, and three 
of its sides bear bronze reliefs showing the memo- 
rable events in the thiee wars spoken of — the storm- 
ing of the Duppel Works, the day of Sadowa, and 
the Battle of Sedan, with the triumphal entry into 
Berlin of the returning hosts in the spring of 1871. 
Granite stairs form the approaches from every side. 
The location of this Column of Victory is excellent, 
for it rises in the midst of a park-like space, having 
COLUMN OF VICTORV, BEK LIN. 
the new Reichstag building on one side and the 
Thiergarten on the other. The column itself is, of 
course, hollow, and there is a narrow winding stair 
inside leading upwards, enabling visitors to go up 
and ascend as far as the top of the column, where 
there is a free space protected by a close bronze 
railing. The view from there is, weather permit- 
ting, magnificent, and that is the reason why nearly 
all strangers visiting Berlin make it a point of 
climbing up that winding stair inside to enjoy a 
bird’s eye view of the city. As to the dimensions 
of the monument, as a whole, I already cited the 
height of the column, which at its thickest part meas- 
ures 28 ft. in diam., at its narrowest 13. The width 
of colonnade is 47 ft., sides of foundation each 59. 
These proportions are criticised. The column viewed 
close by appears too thick for its height In that re- 
spect it is inferior to both the Vendome and the 
Nelson columns. W. von Srhier brand . 
