i8o 
PARK AND CEMETERY, 
THE CEMETERY SUPERINTENDENTS ON THE LAWN AT “OAKWOODS,” THE RESIDENCE OF MR. HENRY PROBASCO, ON THE 
OCCASION OF THEIR VISIT DURINC, THE ANNUAL CONVENTION OF THE ASSOCIATION 
OF AMERICAN CEMETERY SUPERINTENDENTS, SEPTEMBER, 1897. 
ence to surface conditions only. Itsometimes happens 
that this general arrangement of the grades of home 
grounds, which is desirable on most accounts, causes 
water from melting snow to flow over the sidewalk 
in the winter time, where it may freeze and be dan- 
gerous for pedestrians. A slight depression of the 
lot away from the sidewalk and then an ascent 
toward the house would usually remedy this diffi- 
culty and also make the house appear higher. 
Sometimes, however, a pipe should be placed un- 
derneath the sidewalk to allow water to reach the 
street from inside of the lot line. The aim in sur- 
face drainage should always be to keep the traveled 
portions of the street in the most perfect condition 
for use. The quick removal of surplus water from 
sidewalks, crossings, and roadways will help to en- 
sure this result. O. C. Sirnonds. 
Dr. Livingstone's African Grave. 
The late E. J. Glave, in extracts from his journal 
published in The Century magazine some time ago, thus 
describes the tree in Africa, under which the heart of 
Dr. Livingstone was buried some twenty years ago: “Dr. 
Livingstone’s heart is buried beneath a big tree called 
mowula, and by the Ilala mpundu. Although done 
twenty years ago, the inscription is in a splendid state 
of preservation. The tree shows no disfigurement, and, 
moreover, the carving is not on the bark, but on the 
grain of the tree itself. It is a hardwood tree three feet 
in diameter at the base; at thirty feet it throws out 
large branches; its top is a thick mass of foliage. When 
Livingstone died the heart and other viscera were buried 
beneath this tree, and the bark was cleared off for a 
space of two and a half feet square; in this space Jacob 
Wainwright (whose account my discovery verifies to the 
letter) carved the inscription with no dunce’s hand, the 
letters being well shaped and bold. The tree is situ- 
ated at the edge of the grass plain, and is very conspic- 
uous, being the largest tree in the neighborhood. It is 
about five miles southwest from the present site of the 
village of Karonga Nzofu, an important Bisa chief, 
whose father was a friend of Livingstone. Chitambo’s 
is now ten miles away. It was originally near the tree; 
in fact, Livingstone died a few minutes’ walk from the 
old village of Chitambo. * * * There is now no 
vestige of Chitambo’s village standing — merely a big 
space covered with young timber. The Livingstone tree 
looks sturdy and healthy, and likely to last many years. 
I do not see how I can contribute to the future recog- 
nition of the place; metal, if I had it, would be stolen. 
There are no stones in the district to make a cairn. The 
tree will outlive any wooden cross I might erect. * * * 
In order to guide others to the exact spot, in case this 
tree should disappear from any cause, I selected another 
big tree likely to last many years, cleared away two and 
a half square feet of its bark, and in the space marked 
as follows: ‘This tree is magnetic southwest of the tree 
where Livingstone’s remains are buried, and is forty-five 
paces from it.’ I brought away a bit of the bark of the 
memorable tree — a dead part, so as not to be guilty of 
vandalism. Livingstone’s grave is in a quiet nook, such 
as he himself desired, in the outskirts of a forest border- 
ing on a grass plain where the roan buck and eland 
roam in safety. When I visited the place turtle-doves 
were cooing in the tree tops, and a litter of young 
hyenas 1 ad been playing near by; in the low ground 
outside the hole leading to the cave were their recent 
tracks; they had scampered into safety at our approach.” 
