190 
PARK AND CEMETERY. 
GARDEN PLANTS-THEIR GEOGRAPHY, XXIII. 
PASSIFLORALES, 
the mentzelia, fassifloka and begonia alli- 
ance. 
This again is a considerable alliance of twenty- 
seven tribes, 301 genera and 5,625 species. They 
are largely tropical, but well represented north- 
wards. We in this country are well acquainted with 
the pumpkin and pickle tribes, which differ but lit- 
tle structurally from passion flowers. In the tropics 
some tribes contain trees or shrubs, and the climber^ 
are often woody. At the north the species are an- 
nual or rarely perennial herbs, often climbing by 
tendrils. The beautiful passion flowers are largely 
American, but are found in the 
old world tropics in less gor- 
geous species. The Catholic 
Spaniards who first explored 
this continent imagined the 
PASSIFLORA 1NCARNATA, 
WITH LEAVES MUCH REDUCED 
flowers to be an allegory of the 
crucifixion, and saw the wounds 
of the Savior in 
the anthers, the 
nails by which He 
was fixed to the 
cross in the styles, 
the standard of 
the cross in the 
column, and His 
crown and halo of 
The old Spaniards 
glory in the corona of the flower, 
had lively imaginations! Two herbaceous passion 
flowers extend well north in the middle United States. 
Mentzelia (including bartonia) is a genus of 
forty species, all natives of tropical and temperate 
America. M. Lindleyi and a few others of the 
yellow and orange flowered annuals are admitted to 
gardens. 
Loasa has fifty species, natives of the central 
and western parts of the American tropics. Such 
as are seen in gardens are climbing annual and bi- 
ennial herbs, with curious yellow, orange, red, 
white or variously shaded flowers. Their culture is 
quite limited, however, because the plants are veri- 
table “stinging nettles,” and irritants. 
Turnera is a genus of over fifty species of small 
shrubs and herbs, natives for the most part of 
tropical America. The botanies credit the south- 
ern United States with two species — T. Caroliniana 
and T. diffusa — recently found in Texas. It is the 
‘‘Yerba de Vermule” of the Mexicans. Several 
species have small axilliary yellow flowers and 
narrow leaves. 
Passiflora has 175 species in the tropical and 
temperate parts of America, northwards to the 
middle United States and southwards to Chili; in 
sub-tropical Asia, northwards to China and the 
mountains of India; and in Australia. Their hand- 
some flowers range in color from scarlet, through 
crimson to purple, often beautifully blended and 
shaded by lighter colors, while the less showy spe- 
cies have yellowish, greenish or white flowers. Rut 
few gardens, even in the tropics, have a fair collec- 
tion of them, for they require much space for de- ' 
velopment. I have never seen or heard of any 
adequate arrangement for their culture; they re- 
quire a group of some allied tree to scramble over, 
such as the “Bendy” tree of Malabar and Ceylon; 
at the extreme south the Carica could be used, or 
northwards where the Gourds grow well some ape- 
talous tree or shrub, such as Mulberry or Osage 
Orange. They art beautiful objects when festoon- 
ing trees, but often objectionable under glass. In 
mild climates a few are hardy enough to be grown 
and trained on walls. In such positions P. ccerulea 
endures the climate of England from London south- 
wards. There is a white flowered variety of this 
species. P. incarnata is herbaceous in growth, and 
although rarely found wild north of Virginia, it en- 
dures the winters under south walls and on dry 
soils two or three hundred miles further north. The 
foliage is fine — much like that of P. edulis — but the 
flowers, though pretty, are small. The fruit is eat- 
able. It was the first hardy species introduced to 
Britain. P. lutea is found in damp thickets from 
Virginia southwards. There are ten or twelve spe- 
cies and varieties, natives of the United States, 
principally along the borders of Mexico, and in 
Florida. 
Tacsojiia has twenty-five species from tropical 
and sub-tropical parts of America; none are Bra- 
zilian, however, but several of the finest are found 
at considerable elevations on the Andes. T. mollis- 
sima, in fact, is found in the province of Quito in 
Ecuador. I have grown this species where the an- 
nual temperature ranged from 30 to 64 degrees 
Fahrenheit in the shade, and there it would festoon 
large trees in three or four years, bearing hundreds 
of beautiful pink flowers, succeeded by eatable yel- 
low fruit. T. Van Volxemi and a few others may 
be had in cultivation, but many are unknown to 
northern gardens. In Southern California they are 
better known. Where the accommodation of a 
greenhouse exists the effort should be made to 
flower these fine plants outdoors during summer. 
They should be kept in good-sized pots or boxes, 
with large holes in them, and plunged over the rim 
near some support to which the plant could be fast- 
ened. On the approach of frost they should be cut 
back, coiled up, stowed away under the bench sides 
of a cool house, and kept quite on the side of dry- 
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