PARK AND CEMETERY. 
213 
for large numbers were sent to Miller early in the 
eighteenth century. 
Mamillaria has 360 species, about thirty of 
which (or double as many according to some) and 
a number of varieties are natives of the Southwest- 
ern United States, with one species extending to 
Western Canada. The remainder are from Mexico, 
the West Indies and South America. Anhalonium 
is regarded as a section of the genus by Bentham 
and Hooker. Certain of our compilers desire to 
entirely upset this genus again, and go back to 
Linnaeus, who knew next to nothing about the 
plants anyhow. It is pumpkins to potatoes that the 
first plant of the 
alliance known to 
him was Opuntia 
vulgaris, forithad 
become a road- 
side weed in 
Southern Europe 
in the first cen- 
tury after the dis- 
covery of Amer- 
ica, it was intro- 
duced to English 
gardens from 
Italy in 1596, 
and has been 
called “Italica” 
by some, I be- 
lieve. M. Mis- 
souriensis, and 
especially M. 
vivipara, extend 
far northwards, u mamillaria missouriensis. 
the latter species 3. mamillaria pectinata. 
to British Colum- 5- mamillaria micromeris. 
bia. They have 7- mamillaria leucantha. 
been grown out- 
doors in many gardens, and where the snow affords 
protection are reported hardy. They will not well 
endure the changeable winters of the middle Atlan- 
tic States, however. 
It may be useful to give an approximate idea of 
the great difference of climate through which the 
varieties of these plants range. 
The northern expressions experience January 
minimums varying from 20 degrees below zero Fah- 
renheit to 30 degrees or more above, and July maxi- 
mums varying from 50 to 90 degrees Fahrenheit, 
with cool nights. The snowfall is usually heavy in 
winter and protects the plants, the scanty rainfall 
falls mostly from April to September and amounts 
to eighteen or twenty inches, or less. 
The climates of the States bordering on Mexico 
are different. At one station the January minimums 
range from 43 degrees Fahrenheit at night, to 66 
degrees by day, and the August maximums from 
73 to 98 degrees Fahrenheit, or more, with cooler 
nights. The rainfall is different, falling principally 
from December to May in scanty but varying 
amounts, sometimes reaching to eighteen or twenty 
inches per annum, with three or four inches falling 
during the harsh dry summer. Snow in the winter 
is rare and a mere flurry. 
It must not be assumed that all the climates are 
thus. The seasons and periodicity of the rainfall 
and temperature vary considerably in the same lati- 
tudes. 
Often a moun- 
tain range will 
exactly reverse 
the season of 
rainfall, and 
greatly modify 
tempe ratures. 
Speaking gener- 
ally the rains fol- 
low the sun, be- 
ing heaviest when 
it has the great- 
est influence. 
Thus in many 
parts of the 
tropics and sub- 
tropics which are 
the homes of 
M e sem b r yan- 
theae, the rainy 
season is the hot- 
2. mamillaria heyderi. test. Inthe Trans- 
4. mamillaria fissurata. vaal the summer 
6. mamillaria purilla. j s hot and rainy, 
8. mamillaria williamsi. — Coult . continuing from 
(ECHINOCACTUS, ETC., WILLIAMSII.) Q ctober to May . 
Then the drier, colder winter sets in, lasting 
from June to September, without a single shower. 
The altitude is considerable, the air dry and 
clear, and the radiation such that it produces frost 
just sufficient to cover still water with ice, which 
melts in the first rays of the morning’s sun. 
From all this it will be seen how important it 
is to know the climates plants inhabit. 
Tender species will sometimes best make their 
growth under glass at the East, but as to this culti- 
vators will study the peculiarities of individual 
forms suited to their conditions. Many make flow- 
ering growths with some certainty, while others 
have rarely or never flowered in cultivation. Many 
of the kinds produce effects scarcely at all attaina- 
ble with other plants. The varying colors of the 
plants and their spines lend themselves well to 
