182 
PARK AND CEMETERY. 
C. 1 ati folia, C. pyramidalis and C. Trachaelium in 
variety during July ; while C. pusillse flowers dur- 
ing August, and carpatica and some others will 
often give a few flowers as late as September. 
0 strowskia magnifica is a single species from 
Turkestan, hardy, and with large blue flowers, 
produced about midsummer. 
Trenton, N. J. James MacPherson. 
EARLY FLOWERING BULBOUS AHD TUBEROUS 
PLANTS, L 
There are several early flowering bulbous and tuber- 
ous plants, natives of Michigan, worthy of a place in 
our flower gardens, and yet others that are suitable for 
planting in parks and larger grounds. 
These should have the same treatment as hyacinths, 
crocus, narcissus, anemones, etc. That is, they should 
be dug when the bulbs and roots reach maturity after 
flowering, and should be planted early enough in autumn 
to become well established, say from May to September 
according to kind. 
Growth as a rule begins early, by sending out many 
fibrous roots deep into the soil, though a few send stems 
to the surface late in autumn, but most of them do not 
show much above the surface until just before the snow 
disappears in the spring. Some will flourish fairly well 
if taken up early in the spring, but they should no more 
be handled in early spring than should tulips, narcissus, 
crocus, hyacinths, anemones, crown imperials and such 
like plants. I will now describe several species: 
Allium Canadense, Canada Onion, occurs in two 
forms or species, one with broader glaucous leaves and 
the other with narrow deep green leaves. This is not 
recommended for its flowers, but a forest covered with 
the rich, graceful, foliage of the Canada onion is indeed 
attractive in appearance. Leaves stand about one foot 
high, gracefully nodding at top. It should be planted 
thickly in masses. The bulbs are often eaten in early 
spring. Two species of broad-leaved alliums occur in 
south-east Michigan, one with broad lanceolate green 
leaves with dark red petioles, and the other with nar- 
rower and smaller glaucous leaves. The first is prob- 
ably allium tricoccum, the second unknown. 
Anemone qui?iquefolia differs considerably from the 
European Anemone Nemorosa. It grows 3 to 6 inches 
high with a whorl of three 5 -parted leaves, and a soli- 
tary flower, rose outside, white inside. Roots are very 
brittle and difficult to collect or handle. It is a very 
pretty little plant when planted so thickly as to cover 
the ground. It thrives in rich, sandy loam and oak 
shades. 
Anemonella thahctroides , the Rue anemone, is also a 
very pretty flower of early spring, one foot or more high 
with umbels of white or purplish flowers with leaves re- 
sembling those of the columbine (Aquilegia.) It thrives 
in rather sandy highland woods, sometimes on steep 
sunny slopes. Rather scarce in south-east Micligan. 
Isopyrum biternatum, the False Meadow Rue, much 
resembles the one just described, but the flowers are 
solitary and not in umbels on the ends of the branchlets; 
color pure white. More delicate and dainty in appear- 
ance, very pretty both in foliage and flowers. It flowers 
in April and May, in rich low, moist Beech and Maple 
woods, which become dry after June, never with pre- 
ceding. 
Ariscema triphyllum, Indian turnip, Jack-in-the-Pul- 
pit, with its rich green, trifoliate leaves, and very odd 
dark purple or green spathe is always interesting even 
though not noted for its beauty; it is certainly conspic- 
uous. 
Ariscema Dracontium the Green Dragon is less well 
known. It grows 1 or 2 feet high with large 5-parted 
leaves and an extremely odd green spathe, with the long 
white spadix extending far beyond it. Its home is in 
rich river valleys and it flowers in June and July. July 
or August is the proper time for handling its tubers. 
The writer knows of no early spring bulbous or tu- 
berous flower with as handsome foliage as the Squirrel 
corn, Bicuculla Catiadensis and Dutchman’s Breeches, 
B. Cucullaria, formerly called Dicentras. The Squirrel 
corn is in my estimation the handsomer, is taller, with 
more delicate and prettier leaves and besides, the smaller, 
odd handsome white flowers in long racemes are very 
fragrant. The Dutchman’s Breeches is a lower and 
coarser plant, with larger, even odder looking white 
flowers, without fragrance. Both are excellent for cut 
flowers, for the flower garden, park, or for forcing in 
winter. Squirrel corn has rich yellow tubers like large 
grains of corn, the Dutchman’s Breeches has reddish 
tubers. Rich sandy beech woods, are its home and 
April its flowering time. The stems decay in May. 
No native flower makes so brilliant a show in early 
spring as the Marsh Marigold, Caltha palustris, wrongly 
called “cowslip,” and yet it is seldom or never planted. 
A plant 18 inches high and 2 feet across, bearing great 
clusters of large brilliant yellow flowers, girdled below 
with a mass of large rich shining green heartshaped 
leaves, it is indeed a handsome object. Besides, many 
varieties occur, some with large, others with small flow- 
ers, and not rarely we find the flowers semi-double, and 
sometimes full double. Certainly it promises well if 
some florist would take hold of it as has been done with 
the Ranunculus, etc., no doubt white flowered varieties 
could be developed. It grows where it is wet in the 
spring and dry after July 1st., in rich loams mostly in 
shades. Foliage dies in July. 
Three Cardamines flower early in the spring that are 
worthy of attention. Cardamitie pratensis, the cuckoo 
flower, has in cultivation at least in England, full double 
varieties. Our native variety has single pure white candy- 
tuft like flowers. It grows in wet mossy places. 
Cardamine purpurea is one of our handsomest early 
spring flowers, and one of the earliest to bloom. Flowers 
are in clusters, purple, attractive when growing and 
pretty in bouquets. It could be forced. It loves rich, 
cool, shades. 
Cardamine rhemboidea blooms about a month later, 
it has larger pure white flowers, and is found on the 
banks of streams. 
Rochester, Mich. Wilfred A. Brotherton. 
( To be continued. ) 
