22 2 
PARK AND CEMETERY. 
grandiflorum, Ralph Saunders, Roseum elegans, 
Rosabelle, Sir W. Armstrong, Sir Thomas Sebright. 
The colors of these range through many shades 
of crimson, scarlet and pink; purple, lilac and whit- 
ish, variously spotted with darker colors and 
blotched with some shade of creamy white, yellow, 
bronze or green. 
South of Baltimore along the mountains, nearly 
all the species and hybrids grown out-doors in Eu- 
rope may be tried with confidence and even in Flor- 
ida something may be done with the native form of 
R. punctatum. 
Mensiesia has 7 species, in North America, Ja- 
pan and Kamtschatka. 
James MacPherson. 
EARLY FLOWERING BULBOUS AND TUBEROUS 
PLANTS, III. 
The Ground-Nut, Ginseng, Panax trifolium , is a low 
plant with a round, edible tuber, the size of a hazel nut, 
from which rises a stem bearing three 3-parted leaves 
and a c'uster of small white flowers in April. Pistillate 
and staminate plants are quite different. 
The American Mandrake, Podophyllum peltatum is 
totally unlike the true Mandrake of Palestine, Atropa 
Mandragora Flowering plants have 2 large, peltate, 
lobed leaves, bearing a solitary large, over 1 inch wide, 
pure whi e wax-like flower between the leaf stems. This 
flrwer is rapidly increasing in popularity for cut flowers, 
and is certainly beautiful. Without doubt it can be 
f >rced in greenhouses. Fine foi parks. Not recom- 
mended for small flower gardens a-> a rule, as it is better 
i 1 large masses by itself. 
Ranunculus fasci< ularis, the Early Buttercup, is a 
very pretty Ranunculus, with a cluster of thick fibro- 
tuberous roots, sending up a stem 5 to 8 inches high, 
bearing several 3 to 5 parted leaves and rich yellow 
do vers, often senn double, occasionally double it pre- 
fers dry red clay or sand hills, where many things will 
not flourish, in full sunshine, or partial -hade. Flowers 
in April and early May. Disappears totally above ground 
shortly after flowering, but like Ospyrum biternatum, it 
sends up its leaves again late in autumn. 
The Blood Root, Sanguinaria Canadensis, is one 
of our very choicest Early Tuberous flowers, — its large 
heart-shaped lobed, glaucous leaves, and pure white' 
square flowers, are both very handsome, and it should 
be cultivated in every flo.ver garden where any attempt 
is made to grow early flowers, as well as in parks, cem- 
eteries, or other ornamental grounds. Is pretty for cut 
flowers, but cannot be carried far, as the fl twers are 
too fragile. Likes considerable shade, rich sandy 
loams. Flowers in April or early May, about one inch 
square; root thick, full of blood like juice; excellent 
as an alterative and for neuralgia, but very powerful and 
to be used in very small do-ms. 
Trientalis Americana , Star Flower, grows in cool, 
moist, mossy woods; is a very pretty Iittl: plant, about 
eight inches high, with a whorl of lanceolate leaves and 
one to four very pretty pure white star shaped flowers 
in May and J line. 
Nodding Trillium , Trillium Cereum. This is a 
small Trillium, with rather small, white, nodding flow- 
ers, having purple stamens, and followed by purplish 
fruit; not so large and showy as other species, but still 
pretty. 
Trillium Erectum , Beth Flower, grows about 18 
inches high, with three large broad leaves and a solitary 
dark red-purple, strong-smelling flower in May, followed 
by a large purple, showy fruit. Varieties are said to 
occur with white or light-colored flowers, but I have 
never met any variety but penduliflorum, with flowers 
same color as type, but with the peduncle sharply bend- 
ing down below the leaves, the flower nodding below the 
leaves. A showy species in damp, rich woods. 
Trillium Grandiflorum, Great Flowered Trillium. 
This is the largest and showiest of our Trilliums, one 
of the handsomest of our native flowers ; grows one to 
two feet high, with three large leaves and a large, soli- 
tary flower, pure white, pink, rose purple, and variega- 
ted. In Southeast Michigan these flowers range from 
one to nearly or quite five inches in diameter. It is 
found growing in damp, rich tamarac or ash swamps, on 
sandy plains, as well as the highest of hills, usually in 
the shade. It, however, varies considerably with re- 
gard to location where it grows. In deep, rich oak 
land soils occ trs what I have called variety maximum, 
with rather small roots and the largest flower of any 
Trillium I have ever seen, ranging from three to five 
inches or more in diameter. This tine plant is suitable 
for planting in fl rwer gardens, parks, cut flowers, and 
for forcing in winter Should be planted out from June 
to September. 
To recapitulate : The following are suitable for 
general culture,- recommended for all ornamental gar- 
dening and for forcing; very easy to grow and highly 
ornamen al : 
Bicuccu 'la Canadensis, B. Cuccullaria, Cardamine pur- 
purea. Dentai ia diphylla, Er.thronium albidum, E. Amer- 
icanum , Sanguinaria Canadensis, and all Trilliums, partic- 
ularly T. Grandiflorum. xAll prefer rich, black soils and 
some shade. For dry, sandy or rich clay lands, hills, 
etc, Ranunculus fascicularis is very fine, would un- 
d mbtedly grow anywhere. In cultivation double vari- 
eties soon occur, as it is often d tuble when wild. Verv 
pretty indeed. Grassy sands, dry or wet: Hyporsis 
erecta. Sandy highlands or banks, partial shade. Anemone 
quinquefolia, Anemonella thalictroides, Trillium grandiflo- 
lum, Panea trifolium and Sanguinaria Canadensis, also 
Eryphroniums and Podophyllum peltatum. Rich, shady 
lowlan Is : Alliums, Isopyrum biternatum, Ariscemas, 
C alt ha palustris , Cardamines, Dcntarias, Erigenia bul- 
bosa, Clayt nia Virginica, Dentaria, Trenta/is Americana, 
Trillium Cereum, T. Erectum, and T. Grandiflorum. In 
parks a place can be found lor all. For cut flowmrs and 
forcing, Ariscemas Tryphil/um, Bicucculas, Caltha pu/us- 
tris, Cardamines, Clctytonia Virginica, Denta ias, Erythro- 
miums, Anemonella thalhtroidcs, Isopyrum biternatum. 
Podophyllum peltatum, Ranunculus fascicularis, Sanguina- 
ria Canadensis, (flowers will not bear handling and do 
not la -.t long, but very fine while they last), Trilliums 
and, perha s, T, entalis Americana, Anemone qu nque- 
folia, for the flowers, though comparatively small, are 
very pretty. 
The best of these for cut flowers are: Bicucullas, 
Ei ythromiums, Trilliums, Podophyllum peltatum, Den- 
tarias, Cardamines, — balance all good, 
Wilfred A. Brother ton. 
