PARK AND CEMETERY. 
227 
four inches of crushed limestone, all sprinkled and 
rolled with a fifteen-ton steam roller. 
The road brings about six acres of land into use 
for burial purposes. 
COST. 
Waste stones (or spauls) purchased in a neigh- 
boring quarry $38.20 
Labor, quarrying stones, grading and laying 
pipes 327.91 
Sewer pipe 82.60 
Trees, grass seed, etc 19 00 
Horse hire 7000 
Steam roller, one day 12.00 
Street sprinkler, one day 5 00 
Three hundred tons crushed stone 210 00 
Total $764.71 
These figures may seem small to the general 
reader, but they are the actual expenditures. It 
must also be borne in mind that the work was not 
slighted in the least. As stated before, the im- 
provement brings about six acres of ground into use 
for burial purposes, and while there is little filling 
in to be done, $50 would cover the expense. Of 
course, a certain bareness prevails, but that will 
wear off as nature takes its course and the trees, 
shrubs, etc., grow. The accompanying view shows 
about one-third of the work mentioned, and was 
taken ten days after the road had been completed. 
Bellett Lawson , Jr. 
THE INFLUENCE OF BEAUTIFUL STREETS UPON 
PUBLIC HEALTH. 
The importance of properly developed and carefully 
maintained streets, together with their many functions, 
is well set forth in an article in The Sanitary Record, of 
London, from which we take the following: 
City streets, with their pavements and other equip- 
ments, affect each man, woman, and child. The air and 
daylight come to the dwellers in cities principally by 
means of the spaces provided by the streets. 
Consider for a moment a few of the many questions 
involved in modern street construction. Each of the 
following matters must be provided foi, and their rela- 
tive importance and position kept in mind, by our city 
engineers and others who attempt to administer our 
thoroughfares. They must provide for air; natural light 
by day and other light by night; surface drainage; 
sewers; pavements of roadway and sidewalks; water 
pipes; hydrants; wires and their arrangement, above 
ground when necessary, and under ground when possi- 
ble; and boxes for post-office, police, fire-alarm, and 
other purposes. We have need of places of public com- 
fort, so necessary to the health and convenience of the 
dwellers in dense populations and so lacking in too many 
cities. 
Drinking-fountains for man and beast should appear 
at reasonable intervals. * * * Fountains, more- 
over, make a city homelike, and can be made aftei hand- 
some patterns, thus beautifying the streets. 
Special stands for affixing posters and other adver- 
tisements are in use in Paris, Berlin, Frankfort, and 
elsewhere. They prevent advertising from becoming an 
eyesore. 
The subterranean arrangement of the conduits for 
water, gas, steam, compressed air, electricity, and other 
appliances, is complex, and demands the combined ex- 
perience of many men. All of these things seriously af- 
fect the pavement, and especially its maintenance or re- 
pair. 
The construction of pavements and roads requires 
as close observation, study, and supervision as other 
technical work. France set the example in this con- 
nection when it established during the last century its 
engineering school of bridges and roads. Men were 
trained, scientific methods were employed, and exper- 
ience was recorded for the benefit of the existing and 
each succeeding generation. Almost every one can 
think of a city, or part of a city, with disagreeable 
streets, either without pavements or surfaced with poor 
pavements which absorb, breed, and disseminate germs 
of disease; pavements which cannot be thoroughly 
cleaned, obstruct traffic, cause useless noise, and are an 
injury to the health, comfort, and wealth of the com- 
munity. Such pavements drive away successful men, 
and prevent new and energetic men from coming to the 
city and giving it the benefit of their capital and energy. 
A city, to succeed, irust properly pave its streets, keep 
them in repair, and clean them. 
The utility, economy, and beauty of a pavement, 
fortunately, go hand in hand. The best pavements a-e 
those which are laid on solid foundations and have 
smooth or even surfaces. They either have no joints, 
or the joints are made impermeable to moisture. Such 
pavements are the best for wheel and foot traffic. They 
are the easiest to keep clean and in repair. All ex- 
penses considered, they are the most economical, and 
at all times handsome and attractive. 
Street engineers of true worth are as much needed 
as bridge, sanitary, hydraulic, landscape, and other engi- 
neers. All are sub-divisions of civil engineering. Such 
men are steaddy replacing mere politicians and the ig- 
norant or apathetic employes of cities or contractors. 
They accomplish maximum results with minimum ex- 
pense. They unite theory and practice of the past and 
present. They have access to the recorded experience 
of others, and thus avoid useless experiments. 
The sale or rental value of real estate increases be- 
yond the expense of the improvement when a good pave- 
ment has been laid, especially when noise has been 
guarded against by proper choice and laying of mater- 
ial. Noise was formerly regarded by many as a neces- 
sary evil in connection with durable pavements. The 
asphalt, wood and brick are used with success in ^educ- 
ing noise. Some brick pavemen's, however, when laid 
in cold weather and with rigid base, often give forth a 
disagreeable, hollow, rumbling sound. 
It is natural and proper that people should taka 
pride in a street well furnished with all that serves the 
needs of a high civilization. Such streets and their 
pavements benefit those living upon them. They cause 
