PARK AND CEMETERY. 
245 
Care in construction and giving sufficient length of 
time, or allowance for settlement, will reduce this 
evil, but not entirely overcome it. It would be 
unfair to the property owners to place the sewer on 
one side of the street, since such an arrangement 
would allow deeper basements, or cellars, on one 
side of the street than on the other. Where suffi- 
cient fall for the sewers can be easily obtained, it 
may sometimes be advisable to lay two lines of 
sewer pipe, one on each side of the street. In some 
cases where alleys exist, sewers can be placed in 
them and thus leave the roadways entirely free and 
unobstructed. Each case should receive special 
study so as to reduce obnoxious features to a mini- 
mum in the most practical and inexpensive way. 
In an ideal street all underground work, includ- 
ing sewer, water, and gas pipes, with connections 
to each lot, and also, let us hope, all conduits for 
electric or other wires, will belaid before the pave- 
ment is constructed. 0. C. Simonds. 
EVERGREENS FOR DOOR-YARDS AND WALLS. 
There are several evergreens tender at northern 
points — say from Richmond, Va., to the City of 
New York — which, if given the protection of walls, 
will flower and mature their seeds, especially in the 
cities. If they were used more frequently it is not 
too much to say that the whole aspect of the resi- 
dence streets would be vastly improved and made 
more cheerful during winter. It is not always 
necessary to fasten them to the walls; several may 
be planted in groups at their feet, and enjoy enough 
shelter. Thus the Magnolia grandiflora will be suf- 
ficiently protected in many places if planted two or 
three feet away from a building, and will make a 
good trunk and assume a rich contour, often of real 
advantage to the architecture. North of Baltimore, 
however, it is better close to the walls. 
MAGNOLIA GRANDIFLORA. 
EUONYMUS JAPONICUS. 
Magnolia glauca is evergreen at the south, and 
in some winters retains its foliage for a long time 
in southern New Jersey, providing it is sufficiently 
sheltered. Berberis Nepalensis (or as nurserymen 
sell it, B. japonica), is a handsome large-toliaged 
kind, somewhat more tender than the native B. 
aquifolium and B. repens. The hybrid B. steno- 
phylla is often spoken of in catalogues as though 
it were hardy; it should be tried under the friendly 
shelter of walls. There are often dry places under 
south walls, which have rubbly and poor soil, and 
such a place is well adapted to Cistus laurifolius. 
Hypericum calycinum will remain evergreen in 
shelter, and will spread nicely. H. moserianum 
should also be tried in various aspects. Ruta 
graveolens will keep its leaves and give a variety 
of foliage color in the wall border. The Skimmias 
are small shrubs with red berries, quite hardy, but 
rarely seen. The Hollies cannot be much used north 
of Washington, except the native I. opaca and I. 
glabra. I. crenata and its varieties are worth try- 
ing, however, and one of the English Hollies, I. 
Aquifolium var. laurifolia has done well under a 
wall at Philadelphia; in fact, one of its varieties 
lived for years north of New York City. I. Cassine, 
I. Dahoon and I. integra should also be tried under 
walls in the upper south. Euonymus Japonicus is 
an excellent wall plant as far north as Trenton, 
