PARK AND CEMETERY. 
275 
Eryngium has 100 or so species well distributed 
over the temperate parts of the world, except South 
Africa and some of the islands. Sixteen or eighteen 
are natives of the United States. These are but 
little known at the north, however, but some of the 
best are in California parks and gardens. They vary 
a good deal in habit. In some the foliage has the 
aspect of bromeliads, and the inflorescence in col- 
ored bracteate umbelliferous heads. Some are pros- 
trate with thin unarmed leaves, but those whose 
involucral bracts and upper branches are blue, such 
as Amethystinum, Alpinum, etc., are most highly 
prized by gardeners who desire unique effects in 
planting. 
Astrantia has six species, natives of Europe and 
Western Asia. A. major and A. minor have varie- 
gated forms of considerable merit, and are well 
worth planting. 
Alolopospermum cicutarium is a monotypic Eu- 
ropean plant, grown for its fern-like ornamental 
foliage. 
Conium , “poison hemlock,” has two species, 
one of which is either native or introduced in all 
north temperate countries; the other is from the 
mountain regions in Africa. Socrates, it is said, 
took the poison of these plants. 
Bupleurimi has fifty or sixty descriptions and 
names. B. fruticosum and possibly some others of 
the evergreen kinds are grown in South European 
gardens, and would probably be tender north, but 
they are not particularly desirable. The common 
“hare’s ear,” a British herb, is naturalized in the 
States. 
Apium as a genus is hardly worth mentioning, 
except for A. graveolens tricolor. 
JEgopodiitms also are weedy things, but the va- 
riegated variety of SE. Podagraria is a useful plant, 
holding its color extremely well. 
■Athamanta, in two or three species, are Euro- 
pean and Western Asiatic. A. Mathioli is kept in 
European gardens for its pretty foliage. 
Famiculum, “fennel,” has three or four species, 
chiefly in Mediterranean countries and the Cana- 
ries. The common kind often establishes itself on 
balast ground from the Gulf northwards to Balti- 
more and Philadelphia. 
CFnanthc has twenty or more species distributed 
over the northern hemisphere and in South Africa 
and Australia. CE. crocata, one of the “water hem- 
locks,” is very poisonous and dangerous, resembling 
celery, and growing wild in similar places. It does 
not appear to have naturalized in the United States, 
and it can well be spared. 
Aciphylla, “bayonet plants,” are a curious Aus- 
tralian and New Zealand genus of some twenty spe- 
cies or so. They have sharp-pointed pinnate leaves 
and white flowers. 
Angelica and Archangelica have between them 
some thirty-five species of no great merit, except 
that such as Archangelica atro-purpurea may be 
grown as foliage plants. 
Ferula , “Asafcetida,” has eighty species, all 
from countries bordering the Mediterranean. F. 
gigantea, grown for ornament, is of uncertain or- 
igin. It grows to a large size, and is a very strik- 
ing object on a lawn. There are several others with 
fine, handsome foliage, such as glauca and its 
varieties. 
Heracleum has sixty or more species in the 
northern hemisphere, and eight or ten of them are 
known in gardens where they form noble looking, 
but coarse plants, some of the species growing to 
eight or ten feet high and bearing enormous umbels 
of flowers. The British plant, H. sphondylium, is 
known as “Cow Parsnip.” The North American 
one is H. lanatum. 
Opopanax and Malabaila are Mediterranean 
genera for the most part, which may yield a garden 
plant or two to the milder portions of this country, 
Aralia has thirty-three species of handsome 
trees, shrubs and herbs, natives of the tropical 
mountains and eastern parts of Asia, of Mexico and 
the United States. A. chinensis and its variet 
AURALIA TRICIFOLIA. 
canescens, are known under several confusing names. 
It bears considerable resemblance to the native A. 
spinosa (figured in Park AND CEMETERY, 1897, p. 
215), but generally flowers somewhat earlier. Both 
bear immense heads of whitish flowers during Au- 
gust-September. Of herbaceous kinds A. cordata, 
A. racemosa and its variety sachalinensis, and the 
Himalayan A. Cachemirica are in cultivation. A. 
