PARK AND CEMETERY. 
27 7 
A CROSS MONUMENT. 
A pleasing design for a cross monument is that 
illustrated herewith, which stands in Woodlawn 
Cemetery, New York City. 
Apart from the great significance attaching to 
the cross, as a symbol of the Christian faith, and as 
such, a most appropriate and beautiful memorial to 
grace the resting 
place of the Chris- 
tian departed; orthe 
fact that it also 
stands as an emblem 
of eighteen centu- 
ries of human prog- 
ress ol a pronounced 
character, it offers 
great opportunity 
for the exercise of 
the designer’s art. 
It admits of a com- 
paratively wide 
range of decoration, 
arbitrary as the out- 
lines of its several 
forms appear. 
In earlier times 
the use of the cross 
for memorial pur- 
poses v. as carried to 
a far greater extent 
than at present, but 
in many outlying 
portions of Chris- 
tian cemeteries to- 
daynothing but the 
cross is seen in the 
simple graveyards. 
While in many 
of the memorial 
works of the great- 
est sculptors the 
cross has figured 
conspicuously, and 
such works have 
compelled admira- 
ration, the interest 
attaching to the an- 
cient crosses, and 
the mysterious intertwining of the Runic decoration, 
the endless band, is profound, and consequently 
many designs of the present day are simply modifi- 
cations of the old cross, worked out to em- 
body the broader thought of the present with the 
simplicity of the past, and the combination has pro- 
duced some excellent work. 
A few words on some of the old crosses will be 
of interest the olde-t fc rm is that of St. Anthony, 
known as the T.iu cross from its being shaped like the 
Greek letterT. Itis the crossof the Old Testament. 
It is supposed to be the cross of the brazen serpent 
and has been called the ideal precursor of the real 
cross. 
The Latin cross, or crux capitata, is a cross the 
transverse beam of 
which is placed at 
one-third of the dis- 
tance from the top 
of the perpendicu- 
lar part. This is the 
cross upon which 
Christ is said to 
have been crucified. 
The Greek cross 
is the cross of St. 
George, the nation- 
al saint of England. 
The four equal arms 
represent the Gos- 
pel preached to the 
four quarters of the 
earth by the four 
evangelists. 
The St. An- 
drews cross, or crux 
decussata, is the 
symbol of the na- 
tional saint of Scot- 
land. It is formed 
like the letter X. 
The Maltese 
cross, formed of 
four arrowheads 
meeting at the 
points, is the badge 
of the Knights of 
Malta. The eight 
points of the Mal- 
tese cross are said 
to symbolize the 
eight beatitudes. 
The cross of 
Constantine, figur- 
ing in the cata- 
FROM PHOTOGRAPH BY E. F. PIATTI, SC. COmbs of Rome, is 
only the monogram formed by the first two Greek 
letters of the word Christ, and it is used to this day 
to represent Christ in Christmas, so often written 
Xmas. 
These many forms of crosses and others have 
formed prolific themes for design, and have by their 
variety given opportunity for the creation of beau- 
tiful and suggestive memorials. 
