PARK AND CEMETERY. 
J-J2 
„,U. 
Many persons claim the cutting back of large 
trees hastens their decay, but this occurs only when 
the scars are unprotected from the weather. Then 
moisture finds its way to the heart of the tree, and 
decay does set in. Joseph Meehan. 
GARDEN PLANTS.— THEIR GEOGRAPHY, XXXIII. 
ASTERALES. 
THE VALERIANA, ASTER AND MUTISIA ALLIANCE. 
(' Continued . ) 
COSMOS BIPINNATUS. 
Bidens and Cosmos are 
nearly related through the yel- 
low rayed species of the latter. 
Tagetes “Marigold” has 
about 20 species. Two are 
found within our borders, the 
rest are Mexican, Central and 
South Ame'ican. Two or 
three species and their varie- 
ties are well-known and reliable 
annuals, and one at least of 
the perennial kinds is known 
in California gardens as the 
“shrubby marigold” — probably T. lucida. 
Chrysactinia Mexicana is a monotypic low grow- 
ing plant with heath-like terete leaves and yellow 
rayed flowers. It is found in New Mexico and 
Texas. 
Helcnium has 18 species in North and Central 
America. II. antumnale and some others are in 
gardens. 
Gaillardia is in 8 species from temperate parts 
of North and South America. Gray and others 
describe more than this number, but then our her- 
bariums are confessedly destitute of connecting ma- 
terial. Gaillardias have become quite popular, and 
in the southwest of course they are quite at home. 
Achillea is credited with ioo species in Europe, 
Asia and North America. Several double and 
other forms are grown. A. /Egyptica is shrubby. 
Santolina with 8 species are from Mediterran- 
ean regions. S. chamsecyparissus is a silvery leaved 
hardy little shrub often used as a bedding plant. 
Chrysanthemum including pyrethrum and sev- 
eral other plants as sectional types has had 130 or 
more species described, but they are probably cap" 
able of much reduction. They are principally found 
in temperate Asia, Europe, North and South Africa, 
and in North America. The yellow and white Ox- 
eyes are quite familiar, and others are being natur- 
alized. P. roseum is reported as doing finely in 
California gardens, and it would not be very sur- 
prising to find it taking care of itself somewhere on 
the Pacific coast. C. Sinense is the species which 
has given rise to the multitude of single and double 
garden forms. This plant was introduced to France 
and England during the last half of the eighteenth 
century, but did not attract great attention until 
1826 when a French amateur produced several 
varieties from a sowing of seed. About 50 varie- 
ties were described in 1835. The hardy pompone 
varieties were introduced from China, and these 
were crossed with the older kinds which resulted in 
a variety of white, yellow, buffi, brown, crimson, 
“lotus- flowered,” “red” and maroon shades of 
color. To-day the colors are largely described from 
greenhouse flowers, but in spite of ingenuity, and 
the accession of other types, the range of color is 
but little widened. Mr. Fortune was responsible 
for the introduction of the comparatively tender 
Japanese breed, but many of these do finely out- 
doors at southern and Pacific coast points. It was 
thought for- some time that these raggy, twisted 
toothed, and often cranky growing flowers would 
effect but little improvement. Now the most popu- 
CHRYSANTHEMUM FRUTESCENS. 
lar greenhouse varieties are due to them. Chrysan- 
themums at the North should be planted under walls 
and afforded water when necessary during growth. 
They should be disbudded, the plants divided, and 
the soil renewed annually. They should be staked. 
They should be protected by light cloths for two or 
three weeks previous to flowering, and their roots 
should have a heap of saw-dust or pine needles 
