8 
PARK AND CEMETERY . 
What a boy does in his leisure hours 
makes or breaks him, and the manner in 
which the leisure of a city is spent builds 
it up or tears it down. If recreation is 
doing what one pleases in one’s leisure 
hours, then it would seem as if it were for 
the individual to care for, and not the city. 
What then has the municipality to do with 
it? Probably but little in the future city 
when balance of force has prevailed, but 
lust now when the present city conditions 
are out of balance, and so many lives are 
stunted and oppressed, it has a great deal 
to do with it. 
I think it is a safe proposition that what- 
ever a city by its mis-management pre- 
vents a family or an individual from doing 
for themselves, the city is duty bound to 
provide. I do not believe in the city en- 
tertaining people, for that is play by proxy, 
the same' as grooming takes the place of 
work, but I do believe the city should pro- 
vide the opportunities, and then let the peo- 
ple do for themselves. From the very nature 
of the conditions the municipality as a unit 
Is the only party that can successfully pro- 
mote this function of a city. Schools, 
churches, associations and individuals, can 
and do care most successfully for their 
special group, but after they have done 
all they can, the great majority of the 
people are still without opportunity. 
It requires a person who can shut his 
eyes and with his mind's eye, see what 
the one hundred thousand people that 
make Hartford, are doing at any time. 
To do this, requires a certain quality of 
mind and training which is rather unusual 
and does not often exist, except in those 
in public life. Seldom does local interest 
develop that acuteness. It follows also 
that municipal recreation cannot success- 
fully be divided between departments. The 
need of its being under one head is not 
now generally apparent, but it will become 
so as it develops. 
Years ago, in the land of Judea, a coun- 
try boy in a country dress with a shepherd 
sling and a pebble from the brook, killed 
the giant and defeated the army of the 
Philistines. Maybe recreation is to be- 
come our country boy, who by simple and 
natural methods will drive out and destroy 
that formidable and apparently indestructi- 
ble modern giant, the wickedness of our 
city. 
The last few days has been the coldest 
for several years, and yet they have hardly 
begun to be as cold as they would have 
been but for the sunshine that continuously 
envelops our earth, for our earth alone, 
would be dark and exceedingly cold. It 
may be recreation will be the sunshine 
which will bring health and happiness, 
peace and prosperity to our city, even as 
the sunshine brings light and heat to this 
world of ours. This may be difficult to 
believe. At first thought, it seems impos- 
sible for such a simple thing to bring 
about such results. That it will drive out 
evil, even as sunshine dissipates fog and 
darkness from the world. That it will 
do so I fully believe, therefore, I end as I 
began by repeating the words that, when 
recreation comes into its own, sin and 
suffering, poverty and pain, and weakness 
will either be destroyed or under control, 
that it will double the health, happiness and 
efficiency" of the people who live in cities, 
and will become entirely self-supporting. 
INSECT DAMAGE TO NATIONAL PARK TREES 
By A. D. Hopkins, Expert in Charge of Forest Insect Investiga- 
tions, Bureau of Entmology , U. S. Department of Agriculture. 
(Concluded.) 
The secondary enemies of the trees con- 
ists of numerous species which attack the 
bark and wood as soon as the trees be- 
come weakened and are dying from other 
causes. The Dendroctonus beetles are the 
primary" enemies or leaders in the attack. 
The secondary enemies are to a certain ex- 
tent their allies, and when very abundant 
may contribute to favorable conditions for 
rapid advance in the destructive movement, 
but more often they are dependents and 
scavengers, merely utilizing the dead and 
waste material. With rare exceptions these 
secondary enemies are not capable of kill- 
ing trees on their own account. 
The unfavorable conditions for the de- 
structive work of these Dendroctonus 
beetles are to be found in administered for- 
ests, where the ripe or matured timber is 
utilized and where the young timber is pro- 
tected by the prompt disposal of any 
clumps of dying trees during the fall, win- 
ter and spring months. 
In other words, systematic forest man- 
agement, based on a knowledge of the 
principles of silviculture and forest en- 
tomology, will soon present conditions so 
unfavorable for the Dendroctonus beetles 
that they can no longer exist as agents of 
destruction and waste. 
The natural enemies of the beetles serve 
as a repelling force against the progressive 
development of an invasion. Indeed, they 
are among the principal factors which have 
prevented the extermination of certain of 
the more important forest tree species. 
These natural enemies consist of parasites 
and predatory insects, which feed on all 
stages of the barkbeetles, and birds, which 
feed on the adults and young of the bark- 
beetles. Were it not for the fact that birds 
also feed on the predatory and parasitic 
insect enemies of the barkbeetles, and that 
they are so limited in numbers, they might 
render the great service that is so com- 
monly credited to them. Insect diseases in 
the form of epidemics sometimes serve to 
bring an invasion under complete control. 
Unfavorable climatic conditions have been 
known to exterminate a species of Den- 
droctonus bettles within an area of thou- 
sands of square miles. LTider natural con- 
ditions successive genefadons of the older 
trees are killed, but the invaders are 
checked or repelled by their natural ene- 
mies. Generations of younger trees take 
the place of their ancestors, and the forest 
as such is perpetuated. 
In the national parks, national forests 
and private forests where the resources 
have a commercial value this natural con- 
trol of the insect depredators on the tim- 
ber is the most expensive and wasteful. 
Our friends, the enemies of the beetles, can 
not be depended upon to operate for the 
best interest of the federal or private 
owner. They can, however, be made to 
render efficient service as the allies of the 
owner in an aggressive warfare against re- 
newed attacks and the maintenance of con- 
ditions which will insure future protection 
of the living timber. 
It is through a knowledge of the habits 
and seasonable history of the various spe- 
cies of depredating insects, and the various 
complex factors operating for and against 
them, that forest entomologists are enabled 
to advise methods of procedure in practical 
control operations either to reduce or elim- 
inate the favorable conditions for the mul- 
tiplication of the beetles or to promote and 
utilize the factors that are unfavorable for 
their existence. 
It is also through a knowledge of the 
characteristic evidence of their presence in 
the living and dying trees that we are en- 
abled to give instructions to an experienced 
timber cruiser, forest ranger or fire pa- 
trolman which will enable him to readily 
detect an infestation and report upon its 
character and extent. 
Experiments with and demonstrations of 
methods of control have furnished up-to- 
date information on the essential require- 
ments in conducting active control opera- 
tions, which enables us to advise the most 
economical and effectual methods to be 
adopted for each species of beetle, each 
species of tree, and each locality where 
infestation prevails. 
Therefore, if the symptoms are accurate- 
ly described and information is furnished 
as to the local facilities for utilizing the 
infested timber or for treatment at direct 
expense, specific recommendations for suc- 
cessful control can be made without an ex- 
amination by an expert. 
The presence in any national park of 
quantities of dying pine, spruce or Douglas 
fir that has not been caused by recent fires 
is evidence of the presence and destructive 
work of one or more species of Dendroc- 
tonus beetles. An examination of the bark 
of the main trunks of some of the dying 
