PARK AND CEMETERY. 
29 
railroad work. Except where the depth 
of excavation or filling was negligible the 
top-soil was removed and stored, the sur- 
face graded to sub-grade and the top-soil 
replaced. On parts of the area the re- 
moval of field stone was a considerable un- 
dertaking, and there was an opportunity to 
observe the phenomenon, not an unusual 
one, that after the removal of stone, even 
if ever so carefully done, each succeed- 
ing ploughing or harrowing would bring 
a new crop to the surface, the abundance 
of which seemed entirely unaffected by the 
previous attacks. 
As mentioned in a former article, parts 
of the ground had been under agricultural 
cultivation up to a few years before they 
were turned into their new purpose, and 
very much overgrown with weeds and 
bushes. There had been no opportunity to 
undertake a thorough examination before- 
hand of the character of the soil, so the 
specifications for the work were made out 
to call, in a general way, for the applica- 
tion of fifteen tons or more of well-rotted 
manure to the acre, but the writer, with 
some misgivings as to the thoroughness of 
his farming experience, and especially as 
to the requirements of the land in ques- 
tion, sought and obtained the valuable as- 
sistance of the New Jersey Agricultural 
Experiment Station, with the result that 
the soil was analyzed and the treatment 
changed. The most important defect was 
a deficiency in lime, and for that reason 
was prescribed an application of two tons 
pulverized limestone per acre. This, of 
course, is not to be considered as a plant 
food, but only as a corrective to neutralize 
the acidity of the ground. The amount of 
manure was cut down to ten tons per acre 
and supplemented with a fertilizer three 
hundred pounds to the acre of the follow- 
ing mixture : 
150 lbs. nitrate of soda, 
150 lbs. sulphate of ammonia, 
400 lbs. 730 tankage, 
900 lbs. acid phosphate, 
400 ibs. muriate of potash, 
to be applied immediately before seeding. 
The seeding was done wherever practic- 
able by machine, supplemented where nec- 
essary with hand work. The seed was 
sown at the rate of six bushels to the 
acre and consisted in the main of Ken- 
tucky blue grass and red top, with minor 
quantities of other kinds and a sprinkling 
of white clover. The mixture varied some- 
what according to the character of the 
ground, whether high or low. 
Inasmuch as disappointment is often 
more instructive than unqualified success, 
it may be worth mentioning that an at- 
tempt was made to use a gang plough 
worked by a traction engine, as shown in 
the cut. It did not prove economical, 
owing to the numerous sections into which 
the roads divided the land and also to the 
frequent meeting of trees, each causing a 
rather large area to be taken care of by 
other means ; and altogether the straight, 
unbroken sketches, where undoubtedly the 
method would be economical, were so few 
that it was discarded and ordinary team 
work substituted. 
In connection with the description of 
the lawn work it would be natural to men- 
tion such special features as have suggest- 
ed themselves to introduce variety to the 
grounds ; systems of formal paths empha- 
sizing the location of especially desirable 
lots, formal grading on the lines of what 
are commonly known as sunken gardens, 
tountains, widenings of the brook to form 
pools or ponds, etc., but as these features 
happen to be the ones that remain to be 
finished this spring, the writer prefers to 
postpone their description till he can ac- 
company it with photographs of finished 
work. The same should be the case with 
planting, but as that is a subject that is 
treated with special reference to its ap- 
pearance several years hence, it is hopeless 
in this case to await effective photographs, 
and although this branch of the work has 
not even reached the point where plans 
have been made and approved, it may be 
well to outline the general ideas that should 
form the basis for the planting. 
The area around the main entrance and 
some of the especially arranged areas are 
the only places where formal planting is 
called for. The cemetery at large is de- 
signed on natural, informal lines and the 
planting should correspond. The large 
trees remaining form an important nucleus 
and should be supplemented with shrubs 
placed with a view of giving variety to the 
scenery, so that extensive, open lawns, dot- 
ted only here and there with clumps of 
shrubbery and trees, will alternate with 
sections of denser growth, long, open vistas 
with more limited views. In general, just 
as important as it is to open up views, 
perhaps to sheets of water, distant hills 
or mountains, etc., just as important is it 
TRACTION ENGINE AND GANG PLOW. 
