78 
PARK AND CEMETERY. 
publication, the Monumental News. We 
do not publish any collection of designs 
particularly adapted to the use of lodges, 
but have published many designs of me- 
morials of this character from time to time 
in the Monumental News. We believe it 
will be well worth your while, if you are 
interested in this character of work, to 
read the Monumental News regularly and 
save the designs that appeal to you as be- 
ing useful. 
* * * 
Prices for Foundations. 
Editor Asked and Answered : What do 
you consider a reasonable charge for build- 
ing foundations, and just what details are 
included in foundation construction? — J. B., 
111 . 
We have recently revised our prices for 
foundations as follows : 
Six cubic feet or under, $3. 
Seven cubic feet to twenty cubic feet, 45 
cents per cubic foot. 
Over twenty cubic feet, 40 cents per cubic 
foot. 
These prices include excavating and sod- 
ding, around stone after the same is in po- 
sition. For piering and bridging over two 
or more graves, extra charges are made. 
When forms are required in which to put 
the concrete, the lumber and labor consid- 
eration is an extra charge. All our foun- 
dations are made of concrete, using crushed 
stone or clean gravel from all sizes that 
will pass through a mesh not larger than 
one inch nor smaller than a half inch in 
the following proportions : 
Five parts of gravel or crushed stone. 
Two parts sand. 
One part Portland cement. 
All our foundations are put down to a 
depth of six feet, except for small mark- 
ers at graves, which are set on foundations 
only three feet deep if there is sufficient 
solid earth on which to build the same. We 
are now using only “flush markers” — that 
is, a marker of uniform size, 12x24 inches 
on top and six inches thick, with a batter 
of one inch in the six inches, so that the 
marker will set on top of the foundation, 
and the frost as it rises will push away 
from the marker, the sides of the same 
being dressed so that there is nothing for 
the frozen ground to take hold of. The 
top of the marker is flush with the sod. 
After carefully figuring our work for a 
considerable period, we found that it was 
hardly possible for us to do this work for 
less than the prices noted above, except it 
might be in very large foundations and 
when machines were used for the mixing. 
We have recently added to our equipment 
a “Little Wonder” power mixer, and we 
find this a very great addition to our facili- 
ties, although we have not had any large 
foundations on which we could make com- 
parisons with the cost of work done pre- 
viously by hand. 
W. H. Druckemiller, 
Sec., Pomfret Manor Cemetery. 
Sunbury, Pa. 
3*C 
Concerning charges for foundations for 
monumental work, we make a uniform 
price of $1.50 per square foot, surface 
measure, with no foundation to cost less 
than $3. All foundations go to the bottom 
of the grave, which is five feet. As local 
conditions vary so greatly, it would be hard 
for me to give an estimate of what would 
be a fair charge in other cemeteries. A 
large part of the material excavated in 
digging foundations in our grounds is 
clean, water-washed gravel, which can be 
mixed one part of cement to five parts 
gravel, and makes a very strong founda- 
tion at a reasonable cost. If it were neces- 
sary for us to furnish crushed stone or 
sand the most would be much greater, and 
I should feel that the cemetery were justi- 
fied in charging a higher price. We find it 
much cheaper to build our smaller sized 
foundations with cement concrete, but in 
the larger sizes use considerable ledge 
stone laid in separate layers and bedded 
thoroughly in concrete. 
H. Wilson Ross, 
Newton Cemetery. 
Newton Centre, Mass. 
GROUP OF ARTISTIC CEMETERY MEMORIALS 
In the Hebrew Cemetery at Baltimore 
are six memorials that take high rank as 
specimens of cemetery art and have aided 
substantially in elevating the standards of 
monumental work in this burial ground. 
The six memorials which are illustrated 
here are the work of Ephraim Keyser, the 
Baltimore sculptor, who is instructor in the 
Rinehart School for Sculpture in that city. 
The Simon Stein monument is Egyptian 
in character and is executed in dark 
Quincy granite, polis.hed. Deeply recessed 
in high relief is a bronze tablet on which 
in high relief a life-size seated figure of 
“Grief” is most successfully depicted. The 
long sweep of the wings almost enveloping 
the figure, the relaxed droop of the head 
on the inverted torch, combine with the 
heavy, curved granite cap of the monument 
to emphasize the expression sought. 
The Michael Stein monument, Greek in 
its architectural motif, is cut in dark 
Quincy granite, unpolished. In the die 
block there is a bronze tablet with a life- 
size nude seated figure of a boy holding a 
palm branch and looking toward a six- 
pointed star (the emblem of the shield of 
David), in which there is the Hebrew 
word signifying “Hope,” which the figure 
typifies. 
The Burgunder tomb is also executed in 
polished dark Quincy granite. On the 
bronze tablet in high relief there is a figure, 
slightly over life size, of “Resignation.” 
The drapery, arranged in long, simple folds, 
adds to the impressiveness of the work. 
On the Lauer monument Mr. Keyser has 
tried a rather unusual scheme. The archi- 
tectural motif is of the simplest form. 
Polished Milford pink granite is the ma- 
terial used, which forms the background 
for the low relief bronze figure and acces- 
sories set in the granite about one-fourth 
of an inch, and the effect is remarkably 
good. It shows a figure somewhat over 
life size hanging a garland of evergreens 
on a tripod on which stands a seven- 
branched candelabra, the central flame en- 
larged and treated conventionally. “Keep- 
ing the flame of memory green” is the 
thought that is well expressed in this work. 
Mr. Keyser being an advocate of crema- 
tion, has erected the family columbarium 
in this cemetery on the lot where his par- 
ents are buried. He has fully utilized the 
space at his disposal, the width of the lot 
being but 10 feet and the base of the struc- 
ture 9 feet 10 inches. There are two steps, 
15 and 12 inches wide and 6 inches high. 
The dimensions of the columbarium, exclu- 
sive of the steps, are: Height, 8 feet; 
width 5 feet 4 inches; depth, 2 feet. It is 
constructed of Maine pink granite and the 
divisions and slabs on the interior of pol- 
ished Tennessee marble. These are 24 
inches, each 10k2x8j4 x 8 inches. 
The bronze door is 6 feet 6 inches high 
by 2 feet 10 inches wide. The 6-foot fig- 
ure in low relief stands with hand on the 
knob, hesitating on the threshold of the 
tomb to deposit the casket which she clasps 
to her breast, half hidden by the flowing 
hair which also shadows the face. 
Depth of feeling and simplicity of line, 
both in the figure and the whole work, is 
its distinguishing quality. 
The Benesch monument is in the form of 
an exedra. The broad, curved seats flank 
a pedestal 5 feet high, on which is a bronze 
figure “In Memoriam,” 7 feet high. The 
extended hand is dropping a flower whilst 
a bunch of long-stemmed roses are held 
clasped to her breast. The figure is very 
dignified and the lines of the drapery flow 
in harmony with the architectural features. 
Light Barre granite is the material. The 
extreme width is 15 feet; height, 12 feet. 
The three monuments of Quincy granite 
were cut by John Thompson & Sons, of 
Quincy, Mass. The other three by Clough 
& Malloy, in their granite yards in Balti- 
more. The bronze castings were all done 
by Bureau Bros., of Philadelphia. 
