240 
PARK AND CEMETERY. 
Secretary-Treasurer — C. F. Tate, Ken- 
sington. 
Committee — W. A. Cochrane. Hamp- 
stead ; A. Casselton, Fulham ; J. Blackhell. 
Plymouth ; C. Hards, Greenwich ; W. G. 
Hill, Sheen; F. J. P. Loud, Acton; J. N. 
Sharman, Shooten Hill; G. W. Snow, 
Wandsworth. 
It was voted to hold the annual congress 
for 1915 in Liverpool and Manchester. 
On the second day the members and 
their wives, to the number of fifty, met at 
Anderton’s Hotel and proceeded by motor 
through London to the beautiful Cemetery 
of the City of London. 
ASKED AND ANSWERED 
An exchange of experience on practical matters by our readers. You 
are invited to contribute questions and answers to this departmnet 
CONCRETE CURB AND GUTTER. 
Editor Asked and Answered : "I want 
to know” if any cemetery has had ex- 
perience with a combination cement curb 
and gutter. Will it stand the traffic with- 
out cracking or chipping the apron, used 
on a dirt or cinder road? Also, what 
width to make the apron and probable cost 
per linear foot. — L. C., la. 
I have never used a cement curb or gut- 
ter, so am not competent to answer the 
As to the width, we will say that a total 
width of 30 inches is used on wide park 
roads. This gives a width of about 18 
inches from the lowest point to the edge 
of the apron. A width of 24 inches total 
is probably more suitable for the narrower 
cemetery roads. It is possible to make a 
gutter of this character with a total width 
of about 18 inches, but is usually inadvisa- 
ble because a sufficient depth would neces- 
ago I laid about a mile of such gutter on 
a private estate, and they have stood the 
traffic very well indeed. 
The roads had a Telford foundation 
with broken stone over and were built full 
width, extending under the gutters, so that 
the latter replaced the upper four inches 
of broken stone. They were laid with ex- 
pansion joints every six or eight feet, and 
the only cracks occurred at the catch ba- 
sins that took up nearly, but not quite, the 
full width of the gutter, leaving a narrow 
strip of cement between the iron and the 
road. Although it was before reinforced 
concrete had gained its present popularity, 
it did not take long to find out that a piece 
of twisted fence wire imbedded in the con- 
crete at the critical points prevented crack- 
ing, and the gutters have proved very sat- 
isfactory. They were laid only on the 
steeper parts of the roads, 5 per cent grade 
or over, to prevent washing, but in spite 
of their success I shall not advise their use 
except on straight roads or where the cost 
is of no consequence. In order to look 
well they must be laid true to curve and 
grade; the least deviation shows and re- 
mains an eyesore for ever after. On the 
job in question I found it necessary to 
have tack stakes every six feet or so, both 
for line and grade, and the staking out and 
laying of forms on the curved stretches 
cost considerably more than the cement 
work itself. If the gutters are laid with 
less care they fall below even cobblestone 
or brick gutters in appearance, and that is 
saying a good deal. 
question. I do not like curbs or gutters 
in any cemetery roads, and do not believe 
they are necessary except in extreme cases. 
If plenty of inlets are provided and ample 
sewerage is under the driveway to carry 
water, gutters would be unnecessary ex- 
cept on very steep grades. 
Bellett Lawson, Jr. 
Elmwood Cemetery, Chicago. 
We presume that the inquirer, referring 
to a “combination curb and gutter,” means 
something like the gutter shown on the ac- 
companying illustration. This form of 
gutter is suitable for a macadam road and 
so far as we know might be very suitable 
for a properly constructed cinder road, 
especially if the surface was bound to pre- 
vent washing with some of the tar or as- 
phaltic binders used on macadam roads. 
It will be noticed in the detail that the 
road should be constructed an inch or so 
higher than the apron of the gutter at the 
point of joining, to prevent washing or 
wear from wagon wheels at this point. 
Because of the impossibility of getting this 
shoulder in a dirt road, we think it would 
be inadvisable under ordinary conditions to 
use this form of gutter. 
The edges of the apron would not crack 
or chip if the road meets in this way, and 
if it is of sufficient thickness, good ma- 
terial and properly bedded. 
sitate a very steep slope from the road to 
the low point. The cost per linear foot 
would vary greatly in different parts of the 
country and according to width. Probably 
about 35 cents would be the average. 
Kansas City, Mo. Hare & Hare. 
* * * * 
Replying to your correspondent who in- 
quires about cement curb and gutter com- 
bined, let me say that some twelve years 
A glance at the attached photograph will 
show that any little irregularity in line or 
grade would spoil the grace of the curves, 
and, of course, it is necessary that the 
lines and grades, even at odd junctions of 
roads, as the one shown, must be worked 
out minutely on paper, and worked out 
right, as no adjustment is possible after 
the gutter is laid. 
New York, N. Y. Otto Sonne. 
CONCRETE CURB AND GUTTER ON ESTATE OF SENATOR NELSON W. ALDRICH 
AT WARWICK. R. I. 
Otto Sonne, landscape architect. 
u 
