PARK AND CEMETERY 
AND 
LANDSCAPE 
GARDENING 
PUBLISHED BY ALLIED ARTS PUBLISHING COMPANY 
R. J. HAIGHT, President 
H. C. WHITAKER, Vice-President and General Manager 
O. H. SAMPLE, Secretary-Treasurer 
SUBSCRIPTION TERMS: United States and Possessions, Mexico and Cuba, one year, $2.00; two years, $3.50: three years, $5.00; five years, $8.00. Canada and other countries 
$2.50 a year. Single copies, 25 cents. Published on the 15th of the month. Copy for advertisements and reading matter should reach us by the first of the month. 
OCTOBER, 1914 
EDITORIAL 
VOL. XXIV No. 8 
Progress in Modern Cemetery Development 
Probably no more complete summary of the wide variety of 
problems that confront the modern cemetery superintendent could 
be found than the mere list of the subjects discussed at the recent 
very successful convention of the Association of American Cem- 
etery Superintendents reported in detail elsewhere in this issue. 
These were the subjects formally treated in able papers and in- 
formally discussed in the light of the practical experience of the 
members present : “Monuments and Other Memorials” ; "Brains 
and Muscle Wanted” ; “More About Mausoleums”; “The Ceme- 
tery and the Monument Man” ; “Concrete Enclosures" ; “A Few 
Hints on Old-Fashioned Flowers”; “Care of Lots and Monu- 
ments” ; “Ground Covering” ; “Calvary Cemetery : Its Features” ; 
“Flower Displays Without Rain”; “Pictures in a Park Ceme- 
tery.” The improvement of the cemetery landscape and the bet- 
ter harmonizing of the park effects with the monuments and other 
structures that find a necessary place in the cemetery is at pres- 
ent the most pressing problem that confronts the modern ceme- 
tery. The improvement of monumental design and the planting 
of the grounds to properly set off the monumental structures are 
subjects that are assuming growing importance in the management 
of the cemetery, and rightly held an important place in the dis- 
cussions at St. Louis. Development of a cemetery is probably 
the most difficult problem in landscape art by reason of the many 
artificial and utilitarian conditions that are necessarily imposed. 
The most expeditious conduct of the cemetery’s chief business, 
that of interring the dead, must be provided for and at the same 
time the maximum beauty of park landscape secured. The prog- 
ress that is being made in this direction is admirably portrayed 
in the matter pertaining to the A. A. C. S. convention printed in 
this issue. 
Park Problems 
The recent convention of the American Association of Park 
Superintendents, reported in detail in our September issue, called 
forcible attention in its addresses and discussions to the most 
pressing practical problems of park management and development. 
Without question, the most important aspect of modern park 
building in the past ten years has been the increasing variety of 
service given to the people. The dominant effort has been to 
get the people to make the widest possible use of their parks, and 
this effort has led to the extension of park service to include 
activities that were unheard of in our earlier park systems. The 
task of giving this increased service without marring the land- 
scape attractions of the parks has been the highest attainment of 
of the Future 
modern park development. To summarize the best park thought 
of today it might be stated that the two most important problems 
of park development today , are the surfacing of roads and play- 
grounds, and the preservation of natural woodlands and plant 
life under modern city park conditions. The address of retiring 
President Richards, printed in our last issue, is devoted to the 
best thought and experimental work on the subject of playground 
and road surfacing, and that of Oglesby Paul, in this issue, dis- 
cusses practical developments in the preservation of natural wood- 
lands in one of our greatest city parks. These two addresses 
point the way to park progress of the future, and are guides for 
future work as well as indications of the accomplishments of 
this useful park organization. 
Editorial Notes 
A proposition contemplating the establishment of a new ceme- 
tery on “The Hill,” at Atlanta, Ga., in which also should be 
located a $100,000 mausoleum, was recently presented to the City 
Council of Atlanta. The proposition was in the form of a petition 
signed by W. S. Brand, who owns property on “The H ill” suitable 
tor such a purpose, and Clark Grier, who represents the Georgia 
Mausoleum Company. 
Residents of Wallace, Idaho, now claim that results of the dis- 
astrous forest fires in northern Idaho in 1910 are being made evi- 
dent in the changed flow from a watershed then burned over, 
which furnishes the water supply of the city. This basin included 
an area of approximately 2,000 acres and was formerly well tim- 
bered with trees from 50 to 200 years old. These were almost 
wholly destroyed by the fires of 1910. It is stated that before 
the fires the flow of the stream at its lowest stages was never 
below 1,000 miners’ inches, the unit of measurement which has 
been used. But since the fire the records show that the minimum 
flow has fallen to about 250 miners’ inches. 
Exhaustive inquiry has established the fact that lightning ranks 
next to railroads as a source of forest fires. Forest officers say 
that the increasing care with fire on the part of the railroads and 
the public generally tends to make lightning the largest single 
contributing cause. This statement represents a change of view 
from that held less than a decade ago in this country, when 
forest journals gravely argued whether lightning caused forest 
fires, though it was known that trees were the objects most often 
struck. Trees are said to be oftenest struck simply because they 
are so numerous, and, extending upward, they shorten the dis- 
tance between the ground and the clouds; further, their branches 
in the air and roots well into the earth invite electrical dis- 
charges. 
Almost every conceivable use to which land may be put is rep- 
resented in the permits reported by the forest service for special 
projects on the national forests. Some of the uses shown range 
alphabetically from apiary through brickyard, cannery, cemetery, 
church, cranberry marsh, fox ranch, marine railway, rifle range 
and turpentine still to wharf and whaling station. There are 
15,000 permits in force for such special uses, which are dis- 
tributed geographically from Alaska to the Mexican line and east 
to Florida. 
Striking facts regarding our forest resources, their value and 
their waste, are condensed in an eight-page illustrated circular of 
the American Forestry Association, just issued. The lumber 
industry is said to employ 735,000 people, to whom are paid an- 
nually $367,000,000 in wages, the worth of products being 
$1,250,000,000. The forests of the country cover 550,000,000 
acres. An average of sev^ity human lives are sacrificed annually 
in forest fires, says the circular, and a loss occurs of $25,000,000. 
Damage from insects and tree diseases, which follow fire, costs 
each year $50,000,000. 
Nearly 4,000 acres were reforested in Montana and northern 
Idaho during 1913 at an average cost of $7.50 an acre. 
