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JANUARY, 1915 
EDITORIAL 
VOL. XXIV No. 11 
Progress of Insect Pest Campaign 
The control of such dangerous insects as the gypsy moth, 
cotton-boll weevil, alfalfa weevil, green bug, and potato tuber- 
moth, has kept the office of the United States Department of 
Agriculture's entomologist busy during the past year, and special 
attention has been given to insects injuring forests. The gypsy 
moth campaign, waged also against its cousin, the browntail moth, 
has been very encouraging, there being a marked decrease this 
year in the numbers of both these pests. Parasites and beetles 
that attack these dangerous insects have been introduced and 
have been largely instrumental in bringing about good results. 
Colored posters were prepared by the office, illustrating the gypsy 
moth and its natural enemies, and these were posted in all post- 
offices and town offices in the infected districts and copies were 
sent to granges and public libraries. The campaign has also been 
waged by mail and boy scouts who have distributed cards bearing 
the same illustrations. A combination spray, composed of lime- 
sulphur, arsenate of lead and nicotine, has been used successfully 
during the year by many orchard growers to control insects and 
fungous diseases. Other poisons to control orchard insects have 
been developed and are now being tested. Arsenical sprays are 
being made more practicable for use in combating cranberry 
pests in New Jersey. Effective spraying has also been done in 
the pecan orchards of the South, interested growers aiding the de- 
partment in the work. 
Violets growing around a cotton field seem to give another 
cotton pest, the red spider, an opportunity to work, and the de- 
partment recommends the destruction of this harmless-appearing 
flower to control the spider. Other measures suggested as a 
result of investigations in South Carolina are the destruction of 
winter food plants and pokeweed around fields, the plowing of 
wide dust barriers around isolated infested places, and spraying 
with potassium sulphid. 
Forest Exhibits at California Expositions 
Part of the government's exhibit for the California exposition 
at San Diego has to do with the national forests of New Mexico 
and will be shown in the New Mexico building, the exhibit having- 
been prepared in co-operation with the State Board of Exposition 
Commissioners of that state. The material also shows specimens 
of the principal timber trees of New Mexico and their uses. 
Other exposition material is to leave soon for San Francisco, 
where it will form a part of the Panama-Pacific Exposition, 
which opens February 20. Part of this is being prepared through 
co-operation between the forest service and the United States 
Civil Service Commission. The commission passes on the quali- 
fications of all candidates for positions in the forest service, test- 
ing the fitness of those who wish to become forest officers through 
outdoor examination in riding, surveying, timber estimating and 
similar matters, as well as by more conventional methods ; its ex- 
hibit will illustrate the duties ot these officers. 
Co-operation also exists, in the preparation of exhibit material, 
between the Forest Service and the Bureau of Education. This 
shows how forest subjects are used in the public schools, in con- 
nection with nature study, commercial geography, agriculture, and 
the like. One of the exhibits is a display made by the normal 
school pupils of the District of Columbia, in which a number of 
those who are studying for teachers’ positions entered a prize 
contest on tree stud} r . Each of the contestants prepared a sep- 
arate exhibit showing the life history and the products of indi- 
vidual trees, such as white pine, hickory, or sugar maple. 
Editorial Notes 
The U. S. Department of Agriculture is calling attention to the 
introduction and establishment in America of the European pine 
shoot moth, which threatens to cause serious loss. This insect is 
a small orange-red moth, the larva of which hollows out new 
buds and kills or injures the ends of twigs of pine trees. This in- 
jury causes a deformity which is serious in ornamental trees, and 
in trees grown for lumber makes a crooked growth and a con- 
sequent waste when the tree is cut. In Europe the insect not 
only attacks all native pines, but is equally injurious to American 
species cultivated there. The Department states that the young 
larvae came into this country within the buds on imported pine 
seedlings which have come from France, England, Holland, Bel- 
gium or Germany. The department’s investigators have discov- 
ered it in only ten localities, in six states from Massachusetts to 
Pennsylvania, but it is likely that it may be found in other local- 
ities. The department hopes that the new pest may be stamped 
out before it becomes too widespread to be controlled. At present 
the problem of its elimination is confined mainly to nurseries, but 
if it once gets into the native pine forests the experts think that 
it would be beyond control. Further information in regard to the 
insect may be obtained by application to the Bureau of Entomol- 
ogy. Washington, D. C. 
The fact that a number of manufacturers of fertilizers are now 
using treated nitrogenous trade wastes, such as hair, fur, garbage, 
and other animal and vegetable matter, as bases for fertilizers, 
has led the Bureau of Soils of the U. S. Department of Agricul- 
ture to investigate the effect of processing on these substances. 
These substances in their raw state contain a certain amount of 
nitrogen, but in a form which it is difficult for the bacteria of the 
soil to break up and make fully available for plant use. Such 
treated fertilizing materials have been tried out in the depart- 
ment’s laboratory, and the results of these processes have been 
recorded in Department Bulletin No. 158, “The Nitrogen of 
Processed Fertilizers.” This bulletin, which is designed to be help- 
ful to fertilizer chemists, gives in detail the various chemical 
changes which take place in the materials when treated by dif- 
ferent processes. 
Charles Willis Ward, of California, has offered to contribute 
$25,000 toward the purchase of 20,000 acres of land covered with 
mighty redwood trees, near the mouth of the Klamath River, for 
a great public park. The location is on the south side of the 
stream, surrounded by high mountains, and is an ideal spot. The 
trees are of the most wonderful growth, some of them being more 
than thirty feet in diameter and upwards of three hundred feet in 
height. 
The best forested area in China is Manchuria. The principal 
tree varieties are pine, cedar, larch, fir, yew, oak, ash, elm, walnut 
and birch. 
