400 
out money took him on extended travels 
through the Eastern states and Europe, 
where he admired the many beautiful es- 
tates and examples of landscape garden- 
ing which aroused his enthusiasm for both 
building and landscape architecture. 
When he reached home his cramped city 
quarters were so distasteful to him in con- 
trast to the wonders, beauty and freedom 
of the homes and gardens he had seen, he 
decided he must have something of like na- 
ture for himself. So he secured the serv- 
ices of the best building architect in the 
country, who gave him a magnificent house, 
complete in every detail, built on a tract of 
ground some forty-five acres in extent, just 
adjacent to the city. He spends a small 
fortune on this magnificent structure and 
then the day arrives when everything is 
completed, and behold, what does he see? — 
a bare, uninviting, prison-like structure, and 
not until then did he realize that some- 
thing was lacking. 
So, discouraged, he wondered what to 
do — when along came the tree agent, into 
whose hands he placed the planting of his 
grounds. So many shrubs for so many 
dollars. 
It is needless to go into detail of how this 
venture turned out, but suffice it to say that 
two or three years later he was still dis- 
satisfied ; the plantings consisted of a mis- 
cellaneous mass of various varieties, all 
planted entirely inharmoniously and with- 
out regard to proper arrangement. 
His next experience was with a land- 
scape gardener, who, while very conscien- 
tious, was not informed of the value of 
evergreens in the landscape and rarely used 
them. 
This man was yet dissatisfied, and not 
until he had traveled more, and made more 
extensive and intensive study of the mat- 
ter, did he realize that the permanent and 
magnificent all-the-vear-round effects of the 
old world century-old gardens were want- 
ed, and learned the value and necessity of 
evergreens. 
We are to consider here chiefly the best 
varieties to use for various purposes and 
locations in the Middle West. Of the 
many European species we may discard a 
number that are not of any particular 
value. Generally speaking, I believe it is 
best to confine our Middle West planting 
to as few varieties as possible, selecting 
those only which are suited to our condi- 
tions. Evergreens are not particular as to 
■soil. They prefer a light, sandy soil, but 
will do well in any well-drained soil. Ever- 
greens must be selected with reference to 
the position they are to occupy, the purpose 
they are to serve, and their relation to the 
place where they are to grow. 
For grouping at entrances, near dwelling- 
houses, and for massing in formal plant- 
ings, dwarf evergreens are favorites, be- 
cause they are always cheerfully in evi- 
dence and wide awake the year around. 
Among the best for this purpose are Ju- 
PARK AND CEMETERY. 
niperus Canadensis, Pinus Mugho, Globe 
Arbor Vitae, Sabina Junipers, Juniperus 
Procumbens, Siberian Arbor Vitae, and 
Japanese Yew. 
The list of medium growing sorts is 
more extensive, some of the most valuable 
being Hemlock, Juniperus Glauca, Juniperus 
Schotti, Red Cedar, Pyramidal Arbor Vitae, 
American Arbor Vitae, Swiss Stone Pine, 
Pfitzerina Juniper, Concolor Fir, Peabody's 
and Douglas Golden Arbor Vitae, and En- 
glemann Spruce. 
Some valuable tall-growing sorts are 
White Pine, White Spruce, Douglas Fir, 
Austrian Pine, Black Hills Spruce, Red Ce- 
dar and Colorado Blue Spruce. 
Of the small or dwarf growing Ever- 
greens by far the best is Juniperus Cana- 
densis and Juniperus Sabina Prostrata 
which are native along the North Shore. 
They are splendidly suited to our condi- 
tions and excellent for rough banks, rocks 
and ornamental ground covers. 
People often say, “I do not like ever- 
greens ; they are too- melancholy” ; and 
questioning will show that their principal 
acquaintance is with the Norway spruce. 
While it is true that the Norway spruce is 
useful and valuable for some purposes and 
locations, still the Norway spruce has done 
more than any other tree to injure the pop- 
ular demand for evergreens. 
The diseases of evergreens are compara- 
tively few, and, as a general rule, mostly 
confined to a few species and restricted 
probably to certain conditions of atmos- 
phere and soil. A common source of dis- 
ease is that of an imperfectly drained soil. 
To be sure, evergreens have some insect 
enemies, but these are few indeed, com- 
pared with the myriads of insects preying 
upon our deciduous trees and shrubs. The 
most common of the pests usually found 
upon evergreens in this locality are bag- 
worms, borers, plantlice and scale insects. 
Most of these pests can be easily controlled 
through the use of proper spray mixtures, 
such as kerosene emulsion, whale oil soap 
and nicotine washes, applied at the proper 
season. Insect injury is most apparent and 
severe following a hot, dry season like the 
summer just passed. 
The entire system of pruning an ever- 
green depends very much upon the same 
principles that govern the trees of other 
classes. Many evergreens are spoiled 
through a mistaken idea of beauty, by hav- 
ing their lower branches cut off, and thus 
forming a long, naked stem, considered 
very distasteful to the intelligent evergreen 
planter. An excellent plan to preserve a 
perfect shape is to extract the center bud 
from any shoot that projects beyond the 
proper limit. 
Most of the upright junipers, hemlocks, 
arbor vitaes and cedars are benefited by an 
annual pruning, either in early spring or 
late summer, of the over-luxuriant branch- 
lets, thereby causing them to thicken and 
otherwise vastly improve in appearance. 
When the leader or main stem of an ever- 
green becomes destroyed by accident or 
otherwise, a new one may be readily formed 
by tying up a side branch in as nearly an 
upright position as possible. Two leaders 
should never be allowed to remain. The 
stronger should be selected and the other 
cut away as soon as noticed. As a general 
thing, don't he afraid to trim or prune ever- 
greens; keep the knife on them constantly. 
Proper trimming will keep them to any 
height desired for years. 
WINTER EFFECTS IN EVERGREEN PLANTINGS. 
Graceland Cemetery, Chicago; Evergreens from L>. Hill Nursery Co. 
