228 
PARK AND CEMETERY. 
UPPER PICTURE: NO. 14, TWO YEARS' GROWTH. LOWER PIC- 
TURE: NO. 16, THIS' BEAUTIFUL RESULT FROM YEARLY TRIM- 
MING. 
ming it this time cut it down entirely. The 
result would give a desirable tree, very 
easily maintained in good condition, with 
very little outlay of labor and money. 
In all discussion of Carolina poplars as 
a city tree stress must be laid on the fact 
that the tree is the very poorest of all city 
trees. This fact must be constantly brought 
forward and sustained by pointing out ex- 
amples. One heavy wind storm in the 
summer, when the trees are weighted with 
leaves, will blow many of the poplars 
down. Let the public know this. Feature 
it for the next few days in the local papers. 
If one is on the lookout it will be very 
easy to obtain from some plumber a piece 
of sewer pipe entirely blocked up with roots 
of poplar trees. If it becomes impossible 
to convince anyone that the poplar is a 
poor tree, plant a new good tree close to 
a poplar tree and then point out each day 
the difference in the trees. After a few 
years consent can be obtained to remove 
a number of new twigs, but it did not re- 
sult. After two years’ growth all these 
trees should be again cut back to prevent 
the trees obtaining too great a height. The 
large amount of new growth can be thinned 
out and the growth that is allowed to re- 
main cut back, so as to result in a well- 
shaped head. If this is done each year a 
result as shown in photo No. 16 can be ob- 
tained. In fact, almost any shape may be 
obtained and preserved by careful trimming 
each year. The cost of such trimming, 
however, is almost prohibitive. It would 
take a man at least two hours to cut back 
each tree. Figuring eight hours to the day, 
he would trim four trees each day, and if 
he is paid at the rate of two dollars a day, 
a very low rate, it would cost fifty cents 
per tree per year. In a city having manv 
thousand of these trees it would require 
thousands of dollars annually to maintain 
them. 
It would be practical, however, to trim 
back the trees as illustrated in photo No. 11, 
which is very rapidly done, and at the same 
time plant a new tree close by, the cut- 
back poplar allowed to grow undisturbed 
NO. 10: RESULT OF CUTTING BACK ON 
ENTIRE STREET. NO. 15: TWO YEARS’ GROWTH. 
until the young tree has a few years’ 
growth. By this time the old poplar will 
need trimming badly, but instead of trim- 
the old tree. And above all, prohibit the 
further planting of Carolina poplar. 
(Concluded.) 
LIME SULPHUR SPRAY AND ITS USE 
By A. G. Ruggles, Chief of Section of Spraying and 
Tree Insects, University Farm, St. Paul, Minnesota. 
The lime-sulphur solution was first used 
as a sheep dip. Some twenty years ago a 
few orchardists in the Pacific coast states 
began to use this material as a scale in- 
secticide. Since then its rise in the spray- 
ing world has been very rapid. Without 
question, it is the best scale insecticide 
known. It is a good contact insecticide 
and in stronger proportions is a rodent re- 
pellent. More recently it has come into 
prominence as a fungicide, and, still more 
recently, some experiments by the United 
States Department of Agriculture seem to 
show that it is a fairly good stomach in- 
secticide. Some of our own experiments 
at the experiment station show that it will 
control the codling moth to a certain ex- 
tent. As this material is a solution and not 
a mixture, and has all the above qualities, 
it approaches the nearest to the ideal spray 
compound that has yet been discovered. 
Such being the case, a few words concern- 
ing the making of this spray and its ap- 
plication will not be out of place. 
The principal ingredients of this spray 
are lime and sulphur. When first brought 
into prominence, salt formed an important 
element in the formula. Later it was found 
that salt was not at all necessary, often 
being even a detriment. 
The two forms of the wash which are 
used more than any others at the present 
time are the self-boiled and the concen- 
trated. The former is primarily a fungi- 
cide and is particularly valuable against 
the diseases of the peach; hence, it is not 
necessary for us to spend any time with it 
here. 
Of the boiled lime-sulphur washes, the 
latest and best formula is the concentrated. 
The material in this form is now put on 
the market by some of the large commer- 
