230 
PARK AND CEMETERY. 
COMPLETE DEVELOPMENT OF A MODERN CEMETERY 
By Otto Sonne, Landscape Engineer. 
II. Water Supply and Drainage System. 
DRAIN TRENCH, SHOWING BATTER 
BOARDS. 
It is needless to expatiate on the im- 
portance to a large cemetery of the ques- 
tion of water supply and drainage; for 
obvious reasons both are as essential to 
the. proper maintenance as to any com- 
munity, and the drainage perhaps more so. 
The uses of water are both numerous in' 
their variety and extensive. The buildings 
must have a supply of pure water that 
should come from some distant source and 
be of a quality above question; then water 
is needed for fountains, watering purposes 
over the entire cemetery, sprinkling of 
roads, and, if available, to reinforce the 
flow in the brook during exceptionally dry 
seasons. For the latter purposes ordinary 
surface water will serve, and if opportunity 
offers it may be good economy to obtain 
it on the grounds under certain precautions, 
to which reference will be made later. 
In the case of the North Arlington Cem- 
etery, the diocese made an agreement with 
a water company by which the water com- 
pany was to have a right of way along 
the west and south boundary line for a 
thirty-inch main and in return supply the 
cemetery with pure water up to one million 
gallons per year, the rest to be paid for 
by the diocese. This amount is ample for 
the buildings, but very far from being ade- 
quate for the other purposes ; however, the 
present system of piping is laid on the 
supposition that all water needed is to come 
from this source. The object in view has 
been to have pipes leading to the various 
buildings, also to a series of flush lawn 
hydrants with hose connection distributed 
over the grounds and close enough to- 
gether to have a 100-foot hose reach prac- 
tically every point, and in addition to a 
number of standard hydrants along the 
toads at larger intervals, to enable individ- 
ual owners to fill a pail for use on their lot 
or lots. To this end a main circuit was 
laid of two-inch pipe, covering the main 
part of the area, and from this secondary 
circuits of lpTinch pipe, with branches of 
one-inch pipe supplying single hydrants, or 
two or three at the most. The pipes were 
laid four feet or more below the surface, 
to be below frost. They were placed prin- 
cipally along the roads, about two feet out- 
side the edge, and where needed between 
roads they were laid in the center of such 
grass paths as were planned to separate 
lines of lots. In this way no ground was 
lost and it was possible to reach any point 
desired. A number of valves were inserted 
into the system for the purpose of being 
able to shut off the water from minor sec- 
tions during repairs without interfering 
with the supply at large. Fig. 1 shows as 
an illustration the method employed in dis- 
tributing the pipes and hydrants, as ex- 
plained above. It should be added that 
wherever the pipes pass under a road they 
are laid in a conduit of six-inch vitrified 
pipe, so that they may be removed and re- 
placed without disturbing the surface of 
the road. 
The drainage problem naturally embraces 
two distinct parts, the surface drainage and 
sub-drains, to which may be added a third, 
sewerage. 
The surface drainage presents no unusual 
features. The rain water that is not ob- 
sorbed by the lawns seeks the roads and 
reaches the catch basins that have been 
built at frequent intervals. Each catch ba- 
sin is connected by vitrified drain pipe, laid 
in cement, with a system of drains not 
less than six inches in diameter, generally 
laid under the roads to a depth of four 
feet or more and with outlets to the 
brook at certain convenient points. Part 
of the rainfall, of course, goes to the brook 
direct. The emptying of these drains into 
the open brook can under no conditions be 
objectionable, as they contain positively 
nothing but surface water; but it is differ- 
ent with the sub-drains. These form a 
separate system and consist in lines of 
French drains, so called, vitrified pipe six 
inches or more in diameter, laid with open 
joints at a depth of not less than seven 
feet and in many cases ten feet, the lower 
TRENCH FOR FRENCH DRAIN IN 
NORTH ARLINGTON CEMETERY. 
two feet of the trench being filled with 
field stones, giving the ground water a 
chance to enter the trench and the pipe at 
any point. The main line of French drains 
is carried along the low ground near the 
brook to the north boundary line, and sev- 
eral laterals and branches serve secondary 
valleys and such places as during construc- 
tion have shown signs of water bearing 
strata below the surface. These drains are 
in constant activity, tending to dry out the 
ground, and should in course of time show 
a permanent effect over a large area on 
both sides of each line ; in fact, with the 
ground sloping towards them, generally 
providing a generous fall, the system 
should keep down the ground water over 
practically the entire area. 
Near the northern boundary line it is 
intended to turn the French drains into a 
close sewer built by the borough. The dio- 
cese made an agreement with the borough 
by which the former should build a sewer 
lengthwise through the cemetery from 
south to north, able to take care of the 
sewage from the part of the borough lying 
south of the cemetery, and the borough 
should extend this sewer from the ceme- 
tery north to some outlet or disposal plant. 
This has not yet been carried out, owing 
