8 
PARK AND CEM ETERY. 
heated in an Engler viscosimeter to 
50 degrees C., and maintained at this 
temperature for at least three min- 
utes, the first 50 C.C. shall flow 
through the aperture in not less than 
ten minutes, nor more than twenty 
minutes. 
6. When 20 grams of the material 
is heated for five hours in a cylin- 
drical tin dish approximately 2 1 /?. 
inches in diameter by 1 inch high, 
at a constant temperature of 163 de- 
grees C., the loss in weight by vola- 
tilization shall not exceed 20 per cent. 
The residue should be decidedly 
sticky. 
7. Its fixed carbon shall be not 
less than 3.5 per cent. 
The following figures, taken from 
the year’s report of the Office of Pub- 
lic Buildings and Grounds, show the 
cost of surface treatment of the mac- 
adam roads in the Washington parks 
under that office from July 1 , 1910, 
to June 30, 1911, oil or tar being the 
material used: 
Length of road treated 38,650 feet. 
Area of road treated 166,490 square 
yards. 
Quantity of oil or tar used 43,455 
gallons. 
Average area treated per gallon 
3.83 square yards. 
Average cost of oil and applying 
per square yard 2.5 cents. 
Cents 
Cost of labor per square yard 0.8 
■Cost of oil per gallon 6.5 
Cost of tar per gallon 6.8 
Average cost in past years of wa- 
tering roads, per square yard.. 3.2 
In the above table the cost of the 
-sand or of the stone screenings used 
after the application of the oil has 
not been taken into account, as it 
is considered part of the cost of the 
repair of the road. 
It is only fair to add that one rea- 
son why our park roads have been 
in so much better condition since we 
started the use of the surface treat- 
ment I have described is that we have 
abandoned the old method of repair- 
ing them once a year, and now have 
a system of regular and frequent in- 
spection and repair. Supplies of 
broken stone, screenings, oil and tar 
are kept constantly on hand in the 
vicinity of the roads, and holes and 
ruts are repaired as rapidly as they 
develop, usually before they have be- 
come large enough to be noticeable 
to traffic. We have practically no 
hills on our roads, so the greatest 
amount of repair work has to be done 
on the few sharp curves. The roads 
are also kept clean, being swept by 
hand sweepers at frequent intervals. 
It is almost needless to say that the 
conclusions we have now reached in 
the city of Washington should not 
be considered as final or of general 
application; they represent simply the 
result of a limited number of experi- 
ments carried on for a limited time 
under the conditions existing in the 
Washington parks. The value we 
have provisionally found for x in the 
solution of our road problem may be 
B I LLBOARDS 
The Supreme Court of Illinois holds 
that a state statute is unconstitution- 
al which makes it unlawful to erect 
a structure of any kind within 500 feet 
of a public park or boulevard within 
the limits of any city having a popu- 
lation of 100,000 or more, for the 
purpose of placing advertisements of 
any kind or character thereon, and 
which requires the removal within one 
year of all billboards and advertising 
signs that are occupying space con- 
trary to the provisions of the act. 
The court says, among other things, 
Haller Sign Works vs. Physical Cul- 
ture Training School, 94 Northeastern 
Reporter, 920, that there is nothing 
inherently dangerous to the health 
or safety of the public in structures 
that are properly erected for adver- 
tising purposes. If the placing of 
such structures within 500 feet of 
boulevards and public parks is danger- 
ous or otherwise detrimental to the 
public welfare, it is difficult to see 
When a man’s name becomes a 
household word over an immense 
country in connection with work for 
the betterment of his fellow man’s 
THE LATE EDWARD J. PARKER 
quite a different one from that ar- 
rived at in another locality where the 
quantities entering the equation are 
not the same. The whole matter of 
road construction is in the develop- 
ment stage, and it is only by feeling 
our way carefully and comparing the 
results of many and varied experi- 
ments that we can hope to approach 
a final decision as to what is the best 
park road construction. 
NEAR PARKS 
why the same structures would not 
be equally so if placed within the 
same distance from any other public 
street or public grounds. 
The gist of the argument in sup- 
port of this law was that the police 
power ought to be extended, both by 
restriction and compulsion, to the 
promotion of purely aesthetic pur- 
poses, upon the ground that the gen- 
eral welfare of the public requires it. 
While the general welfare is recog- 
nized as one of the principal consid- 
erations which will justify an exer- 
cise of the police power of the state, 
still it must be borne in mind that 
the general welfare of the state is 
promoted by according to each indi- 
vidual the largest degree of personal 
liberty that is consistent with the best 
interest of the public. In the court’s 
opinion the statute in question is an 
unreasonable attempt to limit the 
proper use of private property, and 
is therefore unconstitutional and void. 
home and civic environment, and that 
word means regard for both his per- 
sonality and work, we may without 
hesitation and with due regard even 
to the conventionalities join in the 
praise of such a name, even though 
the principal be in active life. . But 
Edward Jarvis Parker has passed 
away, and the words of thankfulness 
for his good work and wisdom, which 
would have been received by him in 
modesty and deprecation but a few 
days ago, must now be attuned to the 
harmonies of a requiem for a depart- 
ed benefactor and philanthropist, 
whose character and record stand out 
in marked degree in this particular 
time. Every active worker in the 
country associated with outdoor im- 
provement and civic betterment will 
deplore his loss, and recognize that 
a great force for good has been re- 
moved from their midst; but most of 
all, the city for which he seemed to 
live most and to whose welfare he 
EDWARD JARVIS PARKER 
