PARK AND CEMETERY. 
69 
curve rather than a straight line, so 
that the whole will be as natural as 
possible. A limited number of tall 
trees to the rear of the house is use- 
ful for a background and the pictorial 
also included and J. B. Davidson, of 
the department of agricultural engi- 
neering, contributes an interesting 
chapter on “Planing the Farm in Re- 
lation to the Farmstead.” 
trip to town or other places of traffic. 
The accompanying sketch shows such 
routes and attention is called to the 
convenience secured. It is true that 
upon most farms the fields and build- 
AN ACTUAL FARMSTEAD PLAN WHICH EXEMPLIFIES THE PRINCIPLES OF GOOD ARRANGEMENT. 
effect thus secured is a vast improve- 
ment over that of the building which 
stands out against a bare sky-line. 
Prof. Irwin also gives some valu- 
able suggestions as to the arrange- 
ment and planting of shrubbery and 
gives a well selected planting list 
suitable for Iowa and the West. 
Hints on lawn making and care are 
Mr. Davidson says that a good 
way to plan the arrangement of the 
farm, including the location of the 
various farm buildings, roads to the 
field, etc., is to prepare a sketch or 
map upon which the routes may be 
traced which must be followed in 
doing the day’s work, including the 
morning and evening chores and a 
ings are already located, yet adjust- 
ments are made from time to time 
and these should be made ac- 
cording to well-thought-out plans 
in order that the general arrange- 
ment may improve rather than 
grow less convenient. A list of prin- 
ciples on laying out the farm and 
planning the farmstead are also given. 
CHESTNUT TREE BLIGHT 
GROWTH OF 
Within recent years the chestnut trees of the eastern part 
of this country have been attacked by a previously unknown 
disease which has already destroyed trees to the value of 
many millions of dollars, and which threatens the early ex- 
tinction of the chestnut throughout the area affected. The 
chestnut blight, bark disease and canker, as it is variously 
termed, was first recognized as a serious disease in Bronx 
Park, New York city, in 1905 , but it appears to have existed 
on Long Island since 1893 . It has now spread into at least 
ten States and has practically killed all chestnut trees in 
the counties adjacent to New York city, and infected all in 
a much larger area, while foci of infection are scattered from 
northern Massachusetts and central New York to western 
Pennsylvania and southern Virginia, says The Scientific Amer- 
ican. 
The disease appears to be confined to the species of the 
genus Castenea. The American chestnut, the chinquapin, 
and the cultivated European chestnut are readily subject to 
it, but the Japanese varieties, which some investigators hold 
responsible for the introduction of the disease, show much 
greater resistance. 
The bark disease appears sooner or later to exterminate 
the chestnut trees in any infected locality. Seventeen thou- 
sand large trees have been killed in Forest Park, Brooklyn. 
The financial loss already caused by the disease is estimated 
at $ 25 , 000 , 000 , half of which has been incurred in and about 
New York city. 
The chestnut blight is caused by a parasite fungus named 
Diaportlie parasitica. 
Trees or branches that have been girdled by the fungus 
assume a very characteristic appearance. If the girdling* is 
completed late in the season the leaves of the following 
spring are small and yellowish, while if the girdling is com- 
pleted in early summer the full grown leaves assume a pecu- 
liar red-brown tint, which may be recognized at a long dis- 
tance. 
Later, these leaves become darker and wither but do not 
fall for a long time. The burrs on a branch girdled in 
