180 
PARK AND CEMETERY. 
Papavers, Geraniums, Salvias, and 
Statice. 
Dielytra spectabilis, or Bleeding 
Heart, and all of the Peonies of the 
officinalis type are rapidly and eas- 
ily increased by root cuttings. The 
roots can be taken from the old plants 
in the Fall, at the time we generally 
divide and replant this stock, and 
should be cut into pieces about 3 in. 
long. They may be planted in the 
field at once, or may be planted in 
a special bed, and can be dug and 
planted in the field later on, say the 
next Fall. 
Yucca filamentosa is rapidly in- 
creased by root cuttings. The roots 
should be cut into pieces from 2 to 
3 in. long and planted in the field; 
this is best done in the Spring, and 
by Fall you will have nice strong 
plants. 
Propagation by Cutting in the 
Spring 
Although, except in the case of 
Perennial Phlox, this method is not 
in very general use, cuttings can be 
taken from the old plants in the field 
and put in the propagating bed and 
will root readily. The following list 
of perennials is easily propagated in 
this way: Pinks, Potentillas, Del- 
phiniums, Ascelepias, Cerastinums, 
Hesperis, Arabis, Heuchera san- 
guinea, Eupatorium, Glechoma, Holly- 
hocks, Phlox, creeping varieties, Lo- 
belias, Lotus, Lysimachia, Iberis, 
Violas, and many other species. 
A few good strong roots of Dielytra 
spectabilis planted on a bench in 
Spring will give lots of cuttings, which 
root easily and make fine plants. 
Propagation by Division 
The good old way and the way 
most generally practiced by profes- 
sional gardeners whenever practi- 
cable is propagation by division. This 
mode of increase is best done in the 
late Summer or Fall in the case of 
German Iris, Peonies, Dielytras, and 
many other plants that mature early 
in the season. 
Division of perennials in the Spring- 
should always be done before the 
plants start into growth, or while they 
are dormant. Dividing and planting 
before growth insures success, as 
many perennials do not take kindly 
to dividing after the growth is start- 
ed. 
The Poppies 
Just a few words about the Papaver 
orientale and other Poppies of this 
class: Seed may be sown outdoors 
in the Spring or Summer, in special 
seed beds, where it can remain for 
at least one year. The young seed- 
lings will make a nice growth the 
Spring after the seed is sown, and 
towards Summer the plants will be- 
come dormant. These dormant seed- 
lings should be transplanted in Au- 
gust, and by the following Spring 
will make nice blooming stock, Au- 
gust is the best month in which to 
handle the Oriental Poppies. Pop- 
pies in full growth in the Spring, that 
are dug up and sold, are generally a 
failure and die soon after planting. 
A good way is to pot up a lot of 
Poppies in August and carry them 
along in pots; this will insure your 
having plants that will live and grow 
after getting into the buyers’ hands. 
DRIVEWAYS TO RAILWAY STATIONS 
Paper read by C. J. Andrews at the Sixth Annual Convention oj 
the Railway Gardening Association, Roanoke, Va., Aug. 13-15 
One of the most serious problems 
the railway gardener has to deal with 
is the construction and maintenance 
of driveways, and it becomes espe- 
cially serious if his jurisdiction ex- 
tends over driveways to freight 
yards, as well as passenger stations. 
With him there is no regularly or- 
ganized road department, with its 
recognized needs for a definite ap- 
propriation, and the money used for 
driveway maintenance most general- 
ly is taken from what would other- 
wise be available for landscape work. 
Being then so essentially utilitarian 
in their nature their construction 
should be from the standpoint of 
utility. A well built driveway should 
be free from dust or mud — for dust 
and mud are causes of grinding 
away the surface. Macadam or 
crushed stone in some form is the 
universally used material on road 
surfaces; it provides a considerable 
degree of permanence, but is by no 
means, even when made of the best 
material free from the dust and mud 
referred to. 
Travel is increasing everywhere, 
both in quantity and speed, and the 
standard of street and road mainte- 
nance demanded by the public is 
growing higher and higher, especial- 
ly since the automobile has come in- 
to such extensive use. For this rea- 
son the railroad gardener is hard 
pressed to find some means of per- 
manently improving his macadam 
surfaces or some substitute thereof. 
Macadam is reasonably cheap, as- 
phalt, wood-blocks, or brick com- 
paratively expensive. Something be- 
tween the two is demanded, some- 
thing that will utilize the existing 
macadam and which can be supplied 
without an expensive plant or a high- 
ly trained force of workmen. An ap- 
plication of oil or tar to the surface, 
which in either case might be crude 
or refined, was first suggested as an 
improvement in this direction; much 
benefit has been derived from the 
use of oil and tar in suppressing dust 
and holding the surface particles to- 
gether, but where the traffic (espe- 
cially to and from freight yards), at- 
tains considerable volume they have 
been found only temporary in their 
effects. 
To have any value as a binder, the 
tar must penetrate beneath the sur- 
face and this it cannot do in a well 
filled compressed macadam. If heavy 
enough to have the desired binding 
quality, the necessarily small quan- 
tity and thin layer used deteriorates 
rapidly, is much affected by moisture 
and freezing, and especially in case 
of tar, becomes brittle in cold weath- 
er and rapidly wears away. The use 
of these materials have been tried on 
our division for several years with 
the above result. The failure to ob- 
tain the desired permanent result or 
economy of maintenance by surface 
application on ordinary macadam sug- 
gests the advisability of specially pre- 
paring the surface for the reception 
of tar or oil by cleaning off dust, 
spiking up, and bringing- the coarse 
stone to the surface, or by the ap- 
plication of a layer of new stone — 
all for the purpose of securing great- 
er penetration and better binding ef- 
fect. In some cases the result seemed 
to justify the increased expenditure, 
while in others the result was not so 
good, as the tar was unequally dis- 
tributed, leaving the road spongy in 
places. 
The cost of one surface applica- 
tion of “tarvia” composed of 60 per 
cent of tar, 30 per cent of asphalt 
and 10 per cent heavy Texas oil ap- 
plied hot, is from nine to eleven 
cents per square yard, without any- 
thing allowed for redressing or new 
stone. A heavy Texas oil may be 
applied in the same way for twelve 
