265 
PARK AND CEMETERY. 
bread and butter for one cent. We desire 
to have family parties use the tables with- 
out buying anything; they are just as wel- 
come if they do not spend one penny, and 
the less they buy the better we like it, 
because we are not in the restaurant busi- 
ness, but are doing the thing for their com- 
fort only. That is the principle on which 
we started, but, unfortunately, we did make 
money for all that. 
The President : I have come to believe 
that the concession always means some- 
thing that ought not to exist, because the 
concessionaire inevitably comes in with the 
object of making money. 
Mr. Parker: Now, there is the point. 
The difference between the concessionaire 
and the park is the difference between busi- 
ness and service. Business is to get all 
you can for what you give, and service is 
to give all you can for what you get. 
The President: There is the economic 
side of this question. By noon of this 
day one thousand people will have died in 
the United States since noon yesterday, 
from preventable diseases which it is the 
tendency of this kind of park management 
to arrest, and every one, or a great pro- 
portion of these people who have died 
would have been earning money, inhabit- 
ing houses, and paying rent, or working in 
factories, or being producers in some way, 
if they had lived. 
Mr. Nolen: The whole subject seems to 
me, as Mr. Parker has presented it, full 
of interest and promise, and I have been 
trying to see what flaws there might be in 
it, if any. There are two questions which 
come to me: First, there is the objection 
which might naturally be raised by some 
people that these things would not prop- 
erly, should not be operated at a profit, 
but at cost, no matter how small the cost 
may seem as compared with the conces- 
sionaire process. And, secondly, how can 
we prevent a park commission from losing 
sight of the purpose of parks which bring 
in no income, and from fixing their atten- 
tion on making them profit-producers ? It 
seems to me that this is a temptation that 
might come very easily and naturally. 
Mr. Parker: The points are well taken, 
I assure you that when I found we were 
making money out of the refectory I was 
most sorely tempted to go on and make 
all we could. I wanted to demonstrate 
that we could do it, and only by keeping 
that motto before me, “Service and not 
Business ; give all you can for what you 
get,” could I prevent myself from doing 
just what Mr. Nolen refers to. The tempt- 
ation was undoubtedly there to show that 
we could make a real profit, and, if, added 
to that, there was the element of greed, it 
would be very difficult. 
With regard to the question as to sell- 
ing at cost, we were brought up against 
a serious proposition, and that was the 
interference with private trade. The pri- 
vate dealers have to live, and we have 
made it a rule on no condition to sell any- 
thing that was taking away from the dealer 
outside. Anything bought on the park had 
to be eaten there, in order not to inter- 
fere with the outside trade. One of the 
saddest things is that recreation, which is 
absolutely necessary for the life of human 
beings, is being so largely exploited for 
private gain. The tendency is to exploit 
all recreation and especially through that to 
exploit the children. I cannot see that the 
city can avoid taking up a certain class of 
recreation and using it as a municipal func- 
tion. Even then, we leave any way four- 
fifths of it for private enterprise. 
Mr. Watrous: Probably every city rep- 
resented here to-day is interested in the 
pure milk question. I would like to ask 
Mr. Parker 1 if in Hartford it is possible to 
sell pure milk, which you can trust for 
little children in hot summer weather, at 
a price of one cent a glass? 
Mr. Parker : It is. 
Mr. Watrous : I think that is very im- 
portant. Baltimore is just now greatly in- 
terested in the subject of pure milk and 
its price. 
The President : I will add that in Chi- 
cago centres, not only is pure milk sold 
for one cent a glass, but modified milk of 
two grades to suit particular baby troubles 
is sold to mothers with babies in their 
arms. 
Mr. J. Lockie Wilson : I suppose the 
price would depend on the size of the 
glass ? 
Mr. Parker: We use one-eighth of a 
quart as the size. 
The President: In closing this subject, 
I would suggest that you have heard a 
proposition so broad in its possibility and 
so wide in its scope that it may seem to 
you not possible to consider, but at this 
same meeting last year Mr. Foulke, in 
giving the results of. two months’ study 
of conditions at Frankfort, touches on at 
least ten points which relate to the things 
Mr. Parker has said, showing that it is 
the duty of the municipality to safeguard 
the lives of the citizens. When American 
communities shall begin to be free and 
cease to be enslaved to themselves through 
the medium of government, as they have 
ceased in so-called imperialistic Germany, 
then we shall begin to see that it pays to 
keep our citizens alive and at work, even 
if we have to go into the milk business to 
do it. 
COMPETITIVE TRIALS OF SPRAYS AND SPRAYERS 
Under the auspices of the Ministry of 
Fomento (Agriculture, Public Works, etc.) 
of Spain an International Competition of 
Insecticides has been held in this orange- 
growing zone during the past fourteen 
months, and the awards of the jury of 
experts that directed the experiments have 
now been issued, according to a report of 
United States Consul Robert Frazer, Jr. 
The conditions of the competition re- 
quired that each competitor should submit 
the formula and cost of the insecticide to 
be tested, and that the formulas of suc- 
cessful insecticides should be published for 
the benefit of the agricultural community. 
About seventy insecticides were entered for 
trial, but as one-half of them were of al- 
most identical composition, with only slight 
variations in the proportions of the in- 
gredients, many were eliminated and thirty- 
four insecticides were actually tested. 
The first prize was not awarded, be- 
cause, in the opinion of the jury, none of 
the preparations experimented with proved 
to be a complete and positive remedy 
against all species of citrus scale. The sec- 
ond and third prizes were awarded to the 
following formulas (1 gram = 15.4 grains, 
or 0.035 ounce; 453 grams = 1 pound) : 
(1) Pine rosin, 1,600 grams; sodium car- 
bonate, 800 grams ; potassium chloride, 70 
grains; clammy inula (Inula viscosa), a few 
cuttings of the plant, in infusion ; 26 gal- 
lons of water. (2) Rosin, 2,OCO grams; 
caustic soda of 78 strength, 500 grams ; seal 
oil, 350 grams ; rectified tar oil, 1 quart. 
In preparing these insecticides for use, 
the soda is dissolved in hot water (1 gal- 
lon) and the rosin added so as to effect a 
complete blending of both. The mixture is 
then left to cool and the oil afterwards 
stirred into it, producing a uniform emul- 
sion sufficient for about 25 gallons of water. 
The jury finds that these insecticides de- 
stroyed, without appreciable damage to the 
trees or fruit, both the red scale (Chrysom- 
phalus dictyospenni) and long scale (My- 
tilaspis gloveri) more rapidly than the in- 
sect multiplied and that consequently it is 
only a question of perseverance in spraying 
to compass the complete extinction of these 
oarasites. With regard, however, to the 
black scale (Parlatoria sisiphi), a species 
apparently unknown to American fruit 
growers, the most successful of the insecti- 
cide formulas experimented with failed to 
make an effective impression on the hard 
cuirass or shield covering the fully ma- 
tured insect, which appears to be impervi- 
ous to every treatment except hydrocyanic 
fumigation applied as strong as the tree will 
resist. 
The competition brought into the ex- 
periment field a great variety of sprayers 
from the leading agricultural countries', in- 
cluding several characteristic American 
types with copies and imitations of them 
manufactured in Spain. 
