269 
PARK AND CEMETERY. 
TREE MOVING AT NEWARK. 
treated. Various preventive and defensive 
measures must he undertaken against insect 
pests. The trees must.be annually pruned. 
Stakes and guards must be replaced when 
and where necessary; and the percentage 
of these new plantings which die from 
whatever cause must be replaced. All these 
matters make up a not unformidable obliga- 
tion when it is considered that there are 
some 22,000 young trees thus to care for. 
From late May to August the energies 
of the force for the greater part centered 
on the insect campaign. The territory in 
and around Newark has several pests ca- 
pable of alarming depredations. They are 
the Tussock moth, the elm leaf beetle, the 
tent caterpillar, etc. ; also the leopard moth, 
the maple borer and several forms of scale. 
There are times and seasons when much 
work is necessary to combat thes.e various 
destroyers and do it effectively. 
ADEQUATE OPENINGS FOR STREET 
TREES; NEWARK SHADE TREE COM- 
MISSION. 
Great encouragement is in the fact that 
the insect problem, hitherto full of un- 
known quantities, has been reduced to def- 
inite terms. Given an adequate equipment 
intelligently and energetically directed and 
the problem of warfare against the leaf- 
eating insects, at present indigenous to or 
naturalized in this section, is all but solved. 
Here they go after tussock moth and the 
beetle, and the other leaf eaters, with the 
arsenate of lead solution, and this did the 
business A list of streets thus sprayed 
accompanies this report. Heretofore the 
spraying force had used almost exclusively 
a sprayer the motive power of which is 
carbonic acid gas. It has many good points, 
but the cost of maintenance is rather large. 
To avoid that they purchased a gasoline 
sprayer, 2f4 horsepower gas engine. This 
was especially equipped with single shaft 
and wooden wheels. The report says that 
the gasoline sprayer is more suitable for 
their use since they spray on every clear 
day, if not too windy, for a period of five 
weeks from May 15 to June 20. For such 
continuous work it is claimed the gasoline 
sprayer covers more territory and at a 
smaller cost of maintenance than the other. 
The borers' are numerous throughout this 
territory, especially in the cases of silver 
maples and elms. The commission is per- 
suaded that the most effective way to get 
rid of them is to eschew the varieties above 
named and set out only those not suscepti- 
ble for, at the least, not so readily sus- 
ceptible) to borers; for instance, Norway 
maple, oak, buttonball. To stamp out the 
pest by the mere remedial measures to 
which they are now limited seems hopeless. 
The eggs are deposited upon the bark and 
the young soon hatch and crawl to a con- 
venient place and commence to bore into 
the wood, working first upon the smaller 
branches and then descending to more spa- 
cious quarters as they increase in appetite 
and size. They are voracious in their feed- 
ing habits, and a single borer often causes 
the death of a young tree. Their work 
can easily be seen in large trees, as it takes 
the form of a gnarly exuberance, some- 
times of a depression, on the surface of 
the bark. The treatment of this pest is 
very difficult ; the only method in use at 
present is to go over the trees at regular 
intervals and exterminate all that can be 
FASTENING TRUCK TO TRUNK. 
found. This is accomplished by killing the 
larvae with a sharp pointed or heated cop- 
per wire, or by injecting bisulphide of car- 
bon into the cavity where the grub is feed- 
ing and closing the passage with putty. The 
fumes of this’ bisulphide of carbon will kill 
the borer if they reach him. Both of 
these methods are efficient, as far as they 
go, but are necessarily very tedious. After 
the borers are killed the decayed wood 
should be cut out and the hole treated 
antiseptically and refilled to the outline of 
the tree to keep out rain, damp, dirt, bac- 
teria, etc., and help the wound to heal. 
The next step is to keep the tree as 
healthy as possible, to give it a chance to 
recover from the borers’ depredations’. 
The scale, in whatever form, is quite 
another proposition. This pest is a suck- 
ing insect and is therefore treated with a 
contact poison, such as a lime and sulphur 
solution, soluble oil, kerosene emulsion, 
whale oil soap, etc. Of late the commis- 
sion has been using soluble oil chiefly. All 
these scalecides are also deadly to the fo- 
liage and should therefore be used only 
when the tree is not in leaf. Moreover, 
they a’ - e of such a nature and of such vary- 
ing effects on the tree that their use should 
be left to the expert; they are not safe in 
the hands of the layman. They report good 
success in dealing with the scale. 
WATERING YOUNG POPLARS IN WASHINGTON PARK, 
TREES. NEWARK. 
