20 
PARK AND CEA\ETERY. 
exhibition, and in which certain landscape effects in 
connection with sculpture are to be introduced, 
some pointed suggestions were made relative to 
this important consideration, which were quoted in 
a previous issue of this journal. The main question 
seems to be one that only the intelligence of a com- 
munity can answer, and it is the growth of that in- 
telligence that decrees, first: whether there shall be 
a park at all; next, and progressively, whether the 
park shall be improved according to the best known 
experience, and then whether the highest efforts of 
man shall find expression therein, in order that the 
park may afford recreation to the intellectual as 
well to the material forces of man’s nature. It is 
but in the primitive ideas of our civilization that a 
public park is only a playground. The develop- 
ment from this as a beginning has been quite regu- 
lar, a few trees for shade, a patch of shrubbery here 
and there for effect, a little pond for diversity, until 
the growth of a higher sentiment has decreed exten- 
sions and improvements of all these, and then the ne- 
cessity has asserted itself for educated and systemat- 
ic treatment of these pleasure spots, and the park in 
its degree of beauty and value to the community 
becomes assured. Science and art go hand in hand 
in the laying out and perfecting of a park. A pro- 
found knowledge of the character and values of 
plants and trees must be combined with no small 
artistic sense to produce a harmonious arrangement, 
gratifying and exhilarating to the senses. Such a 
progressive development leads up to the wise use of 
statuary in well ordered park systems. Not set as 
in an exhibition gallery. Not distributed or placed 
to mar or detract from the specific beauty of natural 
effects; but so ordered as to add to such attractive- 
ness the spirit that exhales from a beautiful work of 
art, so that the one complements the other, and of suf- 
ficient frequency to refesh and not weary, to afford 
such a combination for intellectual and physical re- 
creation as may tend to a truly ideal enjoyment. 
Jackson Park, Chicago. 
Jackson Park is not to be shorn of all the glory 
which the World’s Fair bestowed upon it. A beau- 
tiful park before that time, a place of world-wide 
repute while the scene of the grandest artistic and 
architectural display ever devised, it is now in pro- 
cess of rehabilitation to become one of the finest 
parks in the world. 
The South Park Commissioners have begun 
work in earnest; the debris of the great exposition 
is rapidly disappearing and a plan and suggestions 
prepared by the well known landscape architect, 
Mr. F. L. Olmsted, have been accepted. 
The accompanying plan gives the main points 
of the scheme, which is broad and comprehensive 
in its general aspect, and while retaining many of 
the features characteristic of the landscape design 
of the World’s Fair, is dominated by the sole idea 
of a beautiful park, with ample provisions for all 
the recreative facilities which the modern park 
should include for refined and enlightened recrea- 
tion and exercise. 
The opening paragraphs of Mr. Olmstead’s re- 
port give the text for the treatment. He says: 
“The finest thing about the park is unquestiona- 
bly the view of Lake Michigan which is obtained 
from the shore. To enable the public to enjoy this 
shore and this view, the plan proposes a shore road 
which, beginning at the northern end of the park, 
will pass southward between the museum and the 
beach, cross the north inlet by a bridge and termi- 
nate only when the south inlet is reached. That 
the south inlet should be kept open to boats enter- 
ing from the lake seems more desirable than that 
the shore road should continue any further south- 
ward. Between the two inlets the road will follow 
a gentle curve about three-fourths of a mile in 
length. The terminal circle at the end of this long 
sweep of shore road will also be the land end of a 
pier, at which steamers from Chicago may land pas- 
sengers as they did during the World’s Fair. Here 
may ultimately be placed the principal restaurant 
of the park, called on the plan the Casino. Its win- 
dows will command fine views of the lake, the curv- 
ing shore, and the sheltered anchorage of the south 
haven.” 
The water effects have been amplified and di- 
versified and the system of lagoons, extending as it 
does in its varied design the entire length of the 
park, will present waterscapes of infinite variety 
and beauty as well as afford the most liberal facili- 
ties for boating and aquatic pleasures. 
A magnificent view will be obtained from the 
bridge spanning the channel between the lagoon and 
basin at the south end of the park, towards the Bel- 
videre tower, proposed to be erected on an eminence 
constructed from dredged material taken out of the 
south lagoon; while from this tower the whole park 
and its beauties may be enjoyed. 
It will be seen on the plan that South Haven is 
open to the lake and this will afford a shelter and 
rendezvous, of some twenty-two acres, for sail 
boats, and floats and landings will be provided ad- 
jacent to the dam and lock, which is introduced to 
preserve the level of the lagoons against the fluctu- 
ations of Lake Michigan. 
A site for a bathing pavilion is suggested on the 
north side of the protecting pier of the north inlet 
from Lake Michigan. Provision is also made for 
boats and launches in the North Haven, with land- 
ings adjacent to the dam and lock at its head. 
