392 
PARK AND CEyAETERY. 
teries, where certain kinds of woody vines work in 
with excellent effect, as will occur to any landscape 
artist. 
Among the grape vines the proper species for 
good effect in the north are V. cordifoha, V. rubra, 
V. cinerea, V. riparia, which can easily endure a 
temperature of 15 to 20 degrees below zero. Stami- 
nate vines alone should be used for such purposes, 
as fruiting vines are not suitable. South of latitude 
36 degrees east of the Rocky Mountains V. ir,un- 
soniana, a native of Southern Florida, and V. inon- 
ticola, V. berlandieri and V. diampini of South- 
western Texas can be employed along with the spe- 
cies recommended further north. The Japanese and 
American ampelopses do well both north and south. 
The bittersweet vine (^Celastriis scandens) is a fine 
thine in the north, but cannot endure the extreme 
south. In its place south the trumpet creeper (Th- 
coma radicans) is very fine for some situations. A 
near relative of this last, the Cross vine of the south 
[Bignonia capreolata), an evergreen in the Gulf 
states, is fine for tree bodies. There are several spe- 
cies of Cissus native here from which good effect 
can be had. C. incisa, with very fleshy leaves, as 
a very graceful, slender vine for trellises and places 
where ivy appears well, is much hardier to endure 
heat. Only in the coolest situations do the ivies 
succeed well in the south. 
Of all the rampant growers, yet slender, perfectly 
drooping, most graceful, with small, smooth, 
shining, toothed leaves, becoming fine scarlet and 
crimson very late in Fall, the V. irninsoniana excels. 
It endures a winter temperature of about 5 degrees 
below zero and any amount of heat and drouth. I re- 
gard this as the finest ornamental woody vine known 
for the Gulf states. Its nearest relative among grapes 
is the common Muscadine of the south, which, 
though much coarser, is a splendid vine for massing 
over a thicket. Almost any of the vines I have 
named are prettier than the coarse, dirty Wistarias. 
Yet, the latter is used much more than any of them 
except the Ampelopses and Ivies in the north in 
home decorations. 
The Mustang Grape (F. candicans) of Texas and 
the Fox Grape (F labniscd) and Summer Grape ( F. 
astivalis) of the east and south are too coarse, filthy 
and rigid to use to much advantage in landscaping, 
but can (especially the Mustang) make great cano- 
pies of large leaves in open exposure on frame work, 
but suggest little more than the idea of a vineyard. 
Why it is that vine work, such as I have hinted 
at in the first part of this loosely constructed paper, 
is not more used by landscapers I cannot well im- 
agine. Certainly the better parks and cemeteries 
do not lack real artistic talent to use such effectively. 
Nor is such work expensive to establish and main- 
tain. Probably the main reason is lack of examples 
to set the pattern, for even in landscaping few are 
bold enough to leave the beaten paths and be strik- 
ingly original and natural, and also because few 
florists and nurserymen keep in stock such vines 
and advertise them. 
There are yet some other woody vines which 
could be used with effect, but the aforementioned 
are abundant, with which artists can produce won- 
derful effects. However, I will call to mind one 
other remarkable genus of vines represented by 
nearly a dozen species in the United States. It is 
Smilax , the Greenbriars. What queer and beauti- 
ful works in landscaping might be worked out of 
these! Even the glorious climbing roses have noth- 
ing in beauty of foliage or freshness to compare with 
them. T. V. Munson. 
Notes. 
Every head of red clover consists of about sixty 
flower tubes, each of which contains an infinitesi- 
mal quantity of honey. 
Referring to the article on food-bearing trees, 
page 372 of the last issue, Mr. James MaePherson 
says: The tree you notice appears to be Butyrosper- 
mum Parkii, Mungo Park’s butter tree, long regarded 
as a Bassia, and so spoken of in the dictionaries. The 
Bass/as are all East Indian and have similar proper- 
ties; B. butyracea, B. longifolia, etc. , yielding but- 
tery products useful for lamps, soap making and 
sometimes cooking or food. The nearest thing we 
have to them is the Betmielias of the southeastern coast 
lands, the fruits of some of which are “milky.” 
Last summer, when botanizing in the vicinity of 
Millville, N. J., I came on on what was to me a 
great curiosity in the shape of a dwarf form of the 
Black Jack Oak, Quercus nigra. In botanical works 
this oak, nigra, is described as a small, gnarled tree, 
with a trunk 20 to 30 feet high. I had been accus- 
tomed to seeing this oak in great quantity all through- 
out South Jersey, and of various sizes, but near me 
on the occasion referred to were quite a number of 
trees full of acorns of all sizes from 2 feet up to 20 
and 30 feet of the botanies. And as it was a good 
season for acorns of most all kinds, these little 
dwarfs were just as full of fruit as they could be. It 
was a pleasing surprise to me, the more so as the 
little fellows were not of stunted growth, but ap- 
peared as vigorous as the largest ones. Should this 
dwarf feature be a permanent one, as I have no 
doubt it is, this little oak would be a beautiful lawn 
ornament, as nigra has long been admired for its 
large pretty shaped, shining green leaves. — Joseph 
Meehan in Meehan's Monthly for December. 
