PARK AND CEMETERY. 
31 
Note.- The drainage is shown by dotted lines. Although the scale is small, the details of the scheme can 
be understood by close examination. 
pipe, either clean coarse gravel, stone screenings 
or coarse cinders should be packed under and 
around the pipe, particular attention to be paid to 
the joints. When this has been done carefully it 
will be of much help to put on a layer of tough sod 
with the grass side down before the trench is filled 
in. I am of the opinion that drains in trenches 
tamped solidly at once do not show results so 
quickly as those that are allowed to settle gradually. 
This is proven by the grave, which is filled and 
solidly tamped in courses, so as to prevent water 
from entering and cause unsightly settling, while 
in a drain trench we expect water to enter from the 
sides, if not from the top. 
There is this to say about deep drainage in clay, 
that no one need despair of ultimate success; 
results will not be apparent at once^ as the water 
held in areas between deep lying pipe will be slow 
in forcing its way at first, but as the immediate 
surrounding strata nearest the drain are being 
relieved slowly, but surely, the clay contracts, 
small fissures or cracks appear, running sideways 
and upwards from the drain, forming as it were, 
channels for the water to follow. As the strata 
become more relieved and consequently drier, 
these channels increase both in opening and in 
length, affording room for larger quantities of water 
to escape, which makes the assertion clear that the 
deepera system of drain pipe is laid the more area 
will be relieved from excessive moisture. By deep 
drainage we not only draw the water away, butalso 
invite the air to enter into such spaces relieved from 
water, thereby aerating the soil and equalizing the 
temperature of the same. 
When quicksand is found special care and pre- 
cautions are necessary. Formerly it was universally 
recommended that drains through quicksand should 
be laid on boards or planks to prevent uneven settle- 
ment, but experience proved that this method was 
not only expensive, but added much more difficulty 
