PARK AND CEMETERY. 
219 
Polemoniitm has 8 or 10 species in the temper- 
ate and mountain regions of Europe, Asia, North 
America and Chili. P. coeruleum the ‘‘Greek va- 
lerian,” may be called cosmopolitan in northern re- 
gions. It has a pretty variegated form. The flow- 
ers are blue to purplish, and white to yellowish in 
tlie virious species. 
Colnvi in 5 species are from Mexico and West- 
ern tropical America. C. scandens, and its very 
hindsome variegated leaved form, are well known 
tender climbers in Northern gardens. 
Cantua is a genus of 6 or 7 species of shrubs 
from Peru and Bolivia. Some species have quite 
handsome pendulous orange red, and others yellow 
and white erect flowers. They should be more ex- 
tensively tried southward on both coasts. 
Neniophila has 8 or 9 species mostly from the 
Pacific slope. They are highly appreciated winter 
growing annuals in British gardens, where they 
flower during a long season in summer. N. micro- 
calyx is a small flowered Atlantic coast species per- 
haps of interest to the hybridist. 
James MacPherson. 
{To be continued) . 
LANDSCAPE FORESTRY. 
What is more essential for a landscape than a 
fine forest? Or what is more pleasing to the eye 
than a woodland effect? 
How gratifying to learn that the cities and 
states are bringing before the public attention the 
question of large forest grants and forest protec- 
tion. 
It is interesting to watch the development of 
the forests in parks and on large estates. Public 
parks are educating the public mind. Boston’s 
parks are coming to be centres of interest to out- 
siders. They are surprised to see what can be done 
by properly caring for the natural woods. 
But to particularize. He must be an artist in- 
deed who can develop a woodland so as to remove 
the objectionable features, enhance the beautiful 
and still leave the natural effect. 
All native forests are lull of dead wood, and 
many less desirable or less valuable species which 
were better removed. It is the part of the forester 
to do this. Yet how many things he must bear in 
mind as he does it. 
He must not only think of the trees he wishes 
to preserve, but he must see and foresee how that 
which he does is to leave a perfect landscape effect. 
This will necessitate a knowledge of the conditions 
at all seasons of the year — the spring flowers, the 
summer fruit, the autumn foliage, and even the 
winter sombre grays and browns. 
Follow him through the forest where there are 
many kinds of trees in all stages of growth and 
where there are many landscape conditions to ob- 
serve. He approaches the edge of a forest faced 
down with Gray Birches. Shall he ruthlessly slash 
them out because they are a poor wood or because 
in some places they look weedy? “By no means.” 
Nature has provided them not only for a border 
protection against heavy w’inds and hot sun, but 
also to make pleasing outlines to the forest by con- 
cealing long barren boles. 
In the absence of birches there ma}' be some 
poorly formed or slanting trees w'hich if removed 
will leave holes or barren looking places in the 
border of the w'oods. 
Follow the forester up a steep hillside. Shall 
he take dowm a large pine, w'hich stands alone 
among deciduous trees, just because it is decaying? 
For the landscape effect — “No!” Again there may 
be a Red Maple, a Poplar, or a Pitch pine, or many 
another tree not so valuable as its companions but 
which to remove would be to make an ugly va- 
cancy or rob the view of some of its variety or char- 
acteristic features. 
Does the forester remove the undergrowth or 
shrubs such as Sassafras, Viburnums, Cornels, 
Witch Hazel, Scrub Oaks and many others, just be- 
cause they are in the way? “Not so.” They serve 
the double purpose of keeping the forest moist and 
add greatly to its beauty. Nature has not put 
them there without cause. 
How thoughtful of her to provide the graceful 
hemlocks and the leafy and “shade loving beech” 
to fill the long vacant space between the ground 
and the high tops of the old trees. How much they 
add to the pleasure of looking at the forest! i\l- 
though shade loving trees, they wfill make fine speci- 
mens if left to grow in the open. 
Surely the landscape forester must be an artist 
— must know where to leave trees in the foreground 
to surprise the eye when it sees the view beyond, 
must know where a poorer species will by contrast 
set off a better. 
He must be a botanist knowing every species 
and variety, also a dendrologist that the trees under 
his direction may have the best of care; Nor should 
it hurt his feeling to be a patient man — patient to 
see the work go on rapidly when necessary, but 
very cautious where there was a question. In case 
of doubt, if he must think twice or thrice, it w'ere 
better to leave to time, which will sooner or later 
answer the question. 
Shall such landscaper be a politician? Surely, 
in so far as he can influence the public mind to 
be aggressive in caring for the forests. But what 
can be expected where politics enter to keep chang- 
ing the superintendents of such work? Rather leave 
to nature if it cannot be left to a capable, trust- 
worthy and staying mind. Andrew Anten, 
