62 
PARK AND CEMETERY. 
enjoy their holidays, and many small places where 
children and invalids can secure a breath of fresh 
air. But these breathing places are not as numerous 
as they should be, especially in the more densely 
populated sections. There has been a movement 
inaugurated in Chicago recently for securing these 
much needed open squares, and London and New 
York have expended enormous sums of money for 
small areas, but at their large cost they have proven 
good investments, as the sanitary conditions and 
morals of the neighborhoods have been much 
improved and the death rate greatly decreased. 
Prof. Ely in the article dealing with pauperism, 
and what can be done about it, says: “We are 
getting more and more to value preventative 
measures, and among the most valuable of these are 
playgrounds. A playground is to boys and girls 
simply a chance to grow; a city without them keeps 
its growing children in straight-jackets. Some be- 
come morally deformed by the treatment; all others 
are deprived of a fair chance.” 
One of the most important movements for 
improving the condition of working men and women 
is that adopted by several large manufacturing in- 
stitutions in this country and Europe. Notably 
Krupp at Essen, Germany; Lever Bros., Port Sun- 
light, England; The National Cash Register Co. , 
Dayton, Ohio, and following their example a large 
number of smaller institutions. In fact through 
AFTKR PLANTING. — Residence of Prof. Samuel B. Green, St. Anthony Park, Minn., 189S. 
the influence of such organizations as the American 
Park and Outdoor Art A.^sociation, the Brooklyn 
Tree Planting and Fountain A.'^sociation, and the 
rapidly increasing number of Improvement Associ- 
ations, our cities and villages are being greatly 
investment. The great landscape architect, Frederick 
Law Olmsted, says: “That a well arranged and 
BEFORE planting. — Residence of Prof. Samuel B. Green, St. 
Anthoii)' Park, Minn., 1891. 
attractive park adds greatly to the value of real 
estate in its neighborhood is well known.” 
Nearly all European nations have preserved 
large areas for parks, squares and commons, and 
these are among the most attractive features of 
their capitol cities. 
London has a larger 
number of small 
squares than any other 
city I can name, and 
more are being added 
at enormous cost. It 
is generally conceded 
that these squares and 
parks add to the health, 
comfort and pleasure 
of the people. I was 
told by the agent of 
the great estate of the 
Duke of Bedford that 
houses facing the small 
squares paid an extra 
rental of twenty-five 
dollars per year as a 
park tax, and that 
there were always sev- 
eral applicants when- 
ever one was vacant. 
In many of our American cities the citizens have 
come to realize that they must provide these health 
and pleasure resorts for the rapidly increasing 
population. Boston, New /ork, Buffalo, Detroit, 
and other places have large parks where the masses 
