66 
PARK AND CEMETERY. 
no tree or shrub equals it in the lovely green of its 
foliage. Plant larches in early fall. If left till 
spring it often results in failure as the buds start 
early, and a larch won’t live if moved after growth 
commences. 
Lilacs have been blooming. Make a note that 
you want for your collection the one known as 
Syringa oblata. It is much like the common one, 
though a distinct species, but it flowers a week 
before any other one. Another good one is rubra 
insignis, certainly one of the best of the common 
sorts. 
It is a great mistake to water trees in dry times 
by pouring water on the surface of the ground 
This forms a crust and the soil loses moisture faster, 
than before. Form a hollow, pouring water into it 
and filling in with loose soil when the water has 
well soaked away. This system is not practicable 
with flower beds. But after tliey are watered, stir 
the surface up the next day, keeping it loose. Loose 
soil holds water much longer than when it is hard 
and compact. 
The hardy Orange, Limonia trifoliata, is most 
beautiful when in flower, which occurs quite early 
in May. The large white flowers are abundantly 
produced, though not sweet scented. Oranges of 
small size follow, but are too bitter to be eaten. It 
is hardy as far north as Long Island, may be 
further. 
In the Middle States coleus are planted out 
toward the close of May, geraniums and more 
hardy bedders a few weeks earlier. The weather 
is too unreliable to trust tlie plants out earlier. 
Water lilies are set out when coleus are. Shrub 
magnolias which are getting too large for the situa- 
tions they occupy take not unkindly to the knife. 
Prune them right after flowering. Not only does it 
keep them bushy and in shape, but it extends the 
flojwering period in spring, as the shoots made after 
late primings produce flower buds which do not 
open as soon as others. And these late buds often 
escape the late frosts which occasionally catch the 
earlier ones. 
Flowering peaches in crimson, pink and white 
sorts are among the most admired of early flower- 
ing shrubs. These should be well pruned as soon 
as flowering is over. Also keep in mind that, as 
with the fruiting peach, borers attack them and 
must be looked for and destroyed. 
The propagation of shrubs by amateurs is both 
interesting and pleasurable. June is the chief month 
for layering. Many shrubs will root from a branch 
bent down and buried — the top above ground, of 
course, but one and all root better if a slight slit be 
made at a joint with a knife. 
Joseph Mechnn. 
NOTES, CHIEFLY HISTORICAL, ON LONDON BURIAL 
PLACES. 11. 
Next to engage our attention after a considera- 
tion of the suggestion made in our first paper, that 
in a very literal sense, London is one vast, over- 
crowded burial place, is the interesting nomencla- 
ture of the subject. A churchyard for example, is 
not exactly synonymous with a graveyard, though 
it may have been in every case a burial place. A 
churchyard is literally the yard belonging to a 
church. It is therefore subject to the control of the 
rector or clergyman of the church to which it be- 
longs. A graveyard may be parochial or non paro- 
chial, dependent upon whether or not attached to 
a parish church. If parochial, it is subject to the 
laws of the parish. In our researches we come 
across the term “Pardon Churchyard.” This im- 
plied a place where in times long past executed 
persons and suicides ‘ were interred. The term 
“poor grounds” implied graveyards, (often paro- 
chial or part of the parish churchyard,) where bod- 
ies could be interred at a trifling cost or entirely at 
the expense of the parish. The term “private bur- 
ial places” may be applied to such as belong to a 
particular person, or to such as w'ere established by 
individuals as a means of private speculation. The 
latter became in London, as we shall hereafter see, 
subject to especial abuses. 
* * * 
Churchyards have a history which it might be 
interesting to note briefly in passing. The Romans 
preserved the right of erecting tombs in their coun- 
try residences though very stringent laws prehib- 
ited their burying the dead within city walls, ex- 
cept in the case of certain classes of privileged per- 
sons. But when it was found that while it mattei ed 
little where a tomb was set up so long as the inter- 
ment was w'ithoutthe walls, the custom of erecting 
tombs in the country was tending to dimini.‘^h the 
area of land available for cultivation, sepulchres 
were no longer allowed in arable fields and private 
grounds. Very early in the history of Christianity 
in England the grounds in the neighborhood c f the 
church were used for burial purposes. The south 
side of the church became the favorite place. Ori- 
ginally it was customary to bury only still-born in- 
fants, felons and suicides on the north side of the 
building. Later the custom arose of burying in or 
under the church, — at first in the porch, but after- 
wards as near as might be to the altar and even di- 
rectly under it. Hence the erection of crypts and 
vaults. Some vaults in London churches were pri- 
vate property. Others again appear to have been 
owned by the church but provided for a certain 
class of burials. As for example, there is a “Doctc rs" 
