6 
PARK AND CEMETERY 
Red Oak, 45 ft. high, with a few cross branches removed 
from head. 
Silver Maple, £0 ft. high, with a number of equally balanced stems; 
not adapted for streets. 
and this congestion causes some of the limbs to decay. 
Such trees can be benefited by a little thinning, but tbe 
branches should be cut close to the trunk. To cut 
them partially back only aggravates the evil of den- 
sity. It is trite advice to give to any one who has any 
understanding of the leading principles of pruning, 
that in the cutting back, and removal of all branches 
wherever necessary, scrupulous attention should be 
paid towards cutting close to “joints” or to the trunk, 
and covering all wounds of any considerable extent, 
with coal tar, to exclude rot and fungoid diseases. 
The practice cpiite frequently seen in different local- 
ities, and cities, of removing the tops of street trees or 
“heading back” for no reason whatever, when they are 
otherwise perfectly healthy, is a form of barbaric 
butchery that cannot be too strongly condemned. How 
the “professional tree trimmer” can induce some intel- 
ligent people to have their trees treated in this way, 
passes comprehension. Thousands of trees are to-day 
dying slow deaths in American cities from this cause. 
There are conditions in the lives of some full-grown 
trees when the heroic treatment of pollarding may be 
resorted to intelligently, but we hope to have some- 
thing to say about this in the future. 
What is Landscape Gardening ? 
By W. Vortriede. 
The term landscape gardening leaves such a vague 
idea, even in the minds of many well-educated people, 
that it would not seem out of place to discuss it quite 
frequently. 
Landscape, or landskip, gardening is a modern word 
coined by Shenstone. Landscape gardening, says A. 
J. Downing, differs from gardening in its common 
sense in that it embraces the whole scene immediately 
about a country house, which it softens and refines, or 
renders more spirited and striking by the aid of art. 
So it means the art of beautifying and bringing into 
harmonious unity, by careful planning, the different 
scenic pictures out of doors. 
The first attempts of art gardening were most prob- 
ably in the geometric or formal style, which was 
brought to such perfection by the celebrated French 
artist LeNotre. It held sway all over Europe ; but the 
good sense and great love of the Anglo-Saxon for na- 
ture soon shook off this wave of artificial art. Then 
the true landscape-gardening art sprang up — the 
Natural or English style, as it is yet called in Europe. 
The geometric was partly due to the limited material 
in use for gardening, owing to the ignorance of botany 
and the difficulty of obtaining appropriate material of 
natural plant form ; hence form had to be carved out 
of growing plants. The burlesque, abominable, Roco- 
co style of architecture of that time had a great deal 
to do with leading gardening into such a mechanical, 
artificial style ; and this style of barbaric splendor is 
at present establishing a foothold in our country. 
Should the American people, a people whose Presi- 
dent is such a great lover of nature, stand so false a 
