58 
PARK AND CEMETERY 
happy appearance, as 1 have found out by experience. 
But if planted on slopes of moist light soil facing the 
east and protected from the north, they will grow 
luxuriantly. 
The writer planted a number of Hemlock Spruces 
some years since in both those above conditions 
and after a period of seven years the latter are three 
times larger than the former. 
A varietv of opinions exist, even among intelligent 
horticulturists, about the best time and season for 
ABIES CONCOLOR (WHITE FIR) SIX YEARS PLANTED. 
planting evergreens. We have planted them at almost 
all seasons of the year with more or less success, but 
if we expressed any preference, it would perhaps 
be in the spring time, just as the buds are beginning to 
swell. Of course, among coniferous evergreens there 
is less tenacity of life than among deciduous trees, and 
the most scrupulous care should always be exercised 
in transplanting to keep the roots fresh and moist. By 
attending to this carefully, we transplant with hardly 
any failures, and always careful to obtain large root 
systems, White Pines, Hemlocks and White Spruces, 
six to ten feet tall. 
About the pruning of evergreens ; they can be 
pruned moderately at any time of the year, but it is 
not advisable to do so in severe winter weather. The 
best time to regulate their growth, however, is in May 
or June, and this can be mainly accomplished by dis- 
budding. In pruning to an eye or bud the current 
growth of firs or spruces, and rubbing out the central 
end bud of the branches, where they are projecting too 
far, stocky, handsome forms, well branched to the 
ground, can be maintained. Pines do not display any 
buds on their young growths like firs or spruces, but 
if they are thin and “lanky,” and their shoots are 
snapped off in the middle about the first of June, they 
will soon regain a terminal eye, and this treatment pro- 
duces an increased number of lateral branches in the 
body of the tree, and with firs, spruces, and pines this 
general treatment, applied with moderation and good 
judgment, will prevent them for many years from get- 
ting thin at the base, and losing their lower branches. 
In Mr. MacPherson’s excellent article on the geo- 
graphical distribution of Conifers, in the last number 
of Park and Cemetery, there is a fine illustration of the 
Cephalonian Fir, Abies Cephalonica, which the writer 
recognized at sight as one of the beautiful specimens 
at Dosoris twelve or fifteen years since. This illustra- 
tion shows exactly what was done by this system of 
pruning and disbudding, under the direction of one of 
the most expert cultivators of evergreens in this coun- 
try — William Falconer. 
In the Pinetum at Highland Park, Rochester, N. Y., 
there is the foundation of a comprehensive collection, 
which includes at present about one hundred and sixty- 
five species and varieties. The nucleus of this collec- 
tion was planted in the spring of 1890 and accessions 
are gradually added to* it from time to time as they 
can be procured. They are not planted in regard to any 
general sequence, as all those that are known to be at 
all tender are planted according to the shelter afforded 
by the lay of the land. 
The behavior of some of them has rather surprised 
us. 
The Cedar of Lebanon, Atlas Cedar, and the Deodar 
Cedar planted in 1898 have so far done remarkably 
well. We have fully expected that any winter the 
Deodar Cedar, which has a capricious reputation, 
would either be killed or severely injured; but whilst 
it is a little browned in the spring time, by mid-summer 
it looks all right. A few others that have far exceeded 
our expectations are the Incense Cedar (Libocedrus 
decurrens), Lawson’s Cypress, Cryptomeria Japonica, 
and Sabine’s and Jeffery’s Pines. Of course it must be 
understood that all evergreens which we know to have 
a tender reputation, we protect by windbreaks made of 
hemlock boards placed on the north and west sides, 
but open overhead and towards the east and southeast. 
We intend to do this for a few years until their roots 
are fully established in the subsoil, and we will then 
observe whether they can hold their own without these 
artificial windbreaks, and with only the protection 
afforded by natural environments. 
