142 
PARK AND CEMETERY 
they might have. During 1873 Saunders was plant- 
ing an arboretum on the small grounds of the Depart- 
ment of Agriculture, when, during a visit, he asked 
me to suggest an avenue tree for the approach to 
the building, and I urged the Salisburia, as it was 
called then. Did I think it would do? he asked, and 
I answered him yes, if he wished the most striking 
avenue in Washington. He feared he could not ob- 
tain the trees in the home nurseries, so I suggested 
those of France, where, 1 think he subsequently told 
me, he had to get them. They are now grown in 
most large nurseries in the States. The avenue is 
about 45 trees long, but was crowded far too near 
the road margins, consequently the pungent, disagree- 
able fruits drop on the pathway. The tree is ill- 
adapted for sidewalk planting for that reason, but 
far enough from the edges of park roads the fruits 
would drop in the grass and be no great detriment. 
The kernels are used, roasted or boiled, by the Chi- 
nese and Japanese. They soak oft the pulp before 
cracking tbe nuts, but the taste of the kernels is no 
better than Indian corn, if as good. The tree was 
introduced to England, probably from Holland, about 
the middle of the eighteenth century. From England 
it went to France, where it fruits well, in 1780. The 
flowers are unisexual and generally, perhaps always, 
on separate trees. The males are in axillary spikes, 
the females on footstalks of some length, with the fruit 
nearly at right angles, generally in twos, but some- 
times by abortion maturing but one, which is vellow- 
ish and not at all like a cherry, as the nursery cuts 
would have one believe. There are old trees in Eng- 
land upwards of sixtv feet high. One of the best in 
the States is near the residence of Mr. Geo. Wain- 
wright, Trenton, N. J. It is a male and not much 
more than 50 feet high, for the Ginkgo in the Atlantic 
states has a tendency to spread rather than elongate 
before reaching that height. It is one of the most 
ancient types of vegetation and the sole survivor of 
a genus which palaeontologists assure us was once 
abundant (like the Arctic Poplar and some other pre- 
glacial trees) over wide areas of the Northern Hemi- 
sphere. 
Ccphalotoxus is given 4 species from N. E. India, 
X. China and Japan, which very likely are but forms 
of one or two. There are many varieties in cultiva- 
tion. C. drupacea differs in the male and female and 
has longer or shorter leaves, and so on. The same 
may be said of Fortunei and pedunculata. The fas- 
tigiate variety of the latter is often called a Poclo- 
carpus. The plants have about the same hardihood as 
Taxus baccata north to X T ew r York City and are the 
better of shelter. The fruits are fleshv, plum-like and 
in clusters of two or three. 
Torreyci, the “stinking yews,” have four species, na- 
tives of Florida, California, Japan and China. 
Taxus, "the yews," have maybe half a dozen species, 
none too well defined. The many forms in cultiva- 
tion have been derived from Europe, North Asia and 
North America. The varieties of T. baccata are, many 
of them, very handsome, but unfortunately tender 
north. Even south of Philadelphia they are better 
with shelter and will stand partial shade such as the 
Ginkgo would afford. Some of the variegated forms 
seem to stand the winters better than green ones. 
The fastigiate form known as Irish was originally 
found in the neighborhood of the Giant's Causeway. 
The Japanese T. cuspidata and the small T. Cana- 
densis and their varieties are hardy to Ottawa. Flori- 
da and California have each reputed species. The 
berries are scarlet or yellow. 
James MacPherson. 
Raising' English Pheasants In a City Yard. 
By E. B. Farland in Bulletin of New England Association of Park Superintendents. 
My experience, conducted in a small way, with Eng- 
lish pheasants has been an interesting one, and I will 
relate it for the benefit of those who are interested in 
breeding, or those that would like to breed, these beau- 
tiful and valuable birds. On June 9, I set a game hen 
on 1 2 eggs, and on July 4, I took her off with eight 
little ones, two males and six females, the other four 
eggs being infertile. On the same day, I placed them 
in a coop with a run 12 feet long, 22 inches wide and 
2./ 2 feet high, covered with pj- inch wire mesh. No 
food was given until 24 hours after hatching, and 
then for two days after, I fed hard-boiled eggs. Fol- 
lowing that, beginning on the third day after hatching 
and continuing to the present time, I fed Spratt's Pat- 
ent Game Meal and Crissel. In preparing this food, 
I dampened the meal, and let stand for about one hour. 
The crissel I soaked in water over night, so as to let 
it swell ; it must not be fed dry. In mixing, I put 
one part cri'ssel to two parts meal, and then fed three 
times a day, giving ujst as much as the birds would eat 
up clean. Twice a day, until tbe brood was three 
weeks old, I gave water. Occasionally, in mixing the 
feed, I added maggots. This I discovered to be an ex- 
ceedingly nutritious addition to the food, and one the 
birds greatly enjoyed. For green food, I gave wheat 
blades grown in berry boxes, as I could not get grass. 
Chickweed is another thing they relish. 
At the end of one month, I built a bouse 12x12 feet, 
four feet high, boarded up two feet from the ground, 
and then inclosed the remaining two feet with the fin- 
set wire mesh, and in order to keep out rats and other 
vermin, I placed the wire 12 inches under ground. 
For winter, I have added to this house a hood, making 
a roof and inclosing the wire mesh of the walls. 
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