158 
PARK AND CEMETERY 
stations in a breadth of wild garden among the larches 
and pines, within which the natural conditions appro- 
priate to the various species should be imitated in 
every way possible. For several a bed of sphagnam 
rough rose soil and sand may be tried, for others 
woods earth or leaf soil with an annual mulch of 
leaves will help, while water for the bog plants is a 
sine qua non. I will merely mention a few species 
and give illustrations from four tribes. But few of 
the epiphytes are found in the states. Epidendrum 
conopscum extends north to South Carolina, and sev- 
eral other genera, mostly West Indian, are found in 
South Florida. Crescentia Cujete, a rapid grower, is 
said to be a capital host tree for many of the epiphytal 
Epidendreae. The Chinese, Japanese, and some of the 
Himalayan orchids should be as hardy in South Flor- 
ida as the West Indian ones, and their naturalization 
should be attempted, for naturalized orchids even in 
the tropics are rare as naturalized conifers. It is easy 
to fasten them to trees with fence staples. 
Calypso borealis is monotypic and found in Europe, 
Asia, and North America. It is gathered by collectors 
and may sometimes be flowered if planted in moist 
sphagnum and sand, or even pure sand. 
Spiranthcs (“ladies’ tresses”) have 80 species dis- 
tributed over the world. S. cernua and S. gracilis are 
natives which are occasionally flowered in gardens. 
Goodyera has 25 species in Europe, Asia, and North 
America. Our little variegated G. repens, so rare to 
flower, is variable and found in many northern regions 
of the old world. 
Arethusa has 2 species in Japan and our Atlantic 
states. A. bulbosa is a handsome plant with a rose 
purple, or very rarely a white flower. It is found in 
boggy, mountainous ground, often shaded by Larix 
pendula. 
Calopogon has four species in North America. C. 
pulchellus is often collected. It is a pretty pinkish 
purple flower with a finely bearded lip in yellow and 
white. It is found in bogs throughout the Atlantic 
states and west to Minnesota. 
Pogonia has 30 or more species, half a dozen of 
which are found in the Northern states. P. ophioglos- 
soides has rosy-red, purple, or rarely white flowers. It 
is also in Japan. 
Epipactis has 10 species in N. temperate regions. 
They include the British “Helleborines”, some of 
which (included in dictionaries under cephalanthera) 
are among the most beautiful orchids of those islands. 
The native species is very local in Western New York. 
They are found in bogs and shady woods. 
Orchis has 80 species in Europe, Asia, North 
America, the mountains of North Africa, and the Ca- 
naries. Eight or ten species are flowered in gardens, 
some species with good success. O. spectabile is the 
North American kind. O. foliosa, a beautiful species, 
is from Madeira, the fine O. latifolia, O. incarnata, O. 
mascula, O. maculata, and O. Morio are European. 
Hahcnaria is a large genus of 450 species found in 
most moist temperate and cold regions. They are in 
10 sections. Among the 18 species of the Northern 
states are greenish, white, yellow, and purple flowers, 
some of which have fringed lips, such as H. blephari- 
glottis H. ciliaris, H. fimbriata, and H. psycodes, the 
two last easiest to flower in gardens. They may be 
regarded as the typical North American orchids and 
are common in bogs, moist thickets, and pine-barren 
swamps over a wide range of territory. 
Cypripedium has over 50 described species, most of 
which are tropical, but there are 10 or 12 North 
American, North Asiatic, and European hardy kinds 
more or less in cultivation, even more beautiful than 
the tender ones. They are less easy to establish, how- 
ever, and any one possessing spots adapted to them 
will do well to preserve them, for in accessible places 
the species used for forcing will become extinct, such 
as luimile or acaule, which is impossible to keep ; the 
beautiful C. spectabile, C. pubescens about the easiest 
to grow ; C. parviflorum and C. arietinum ; C. calceolus 
is European and C. macranthan Siberian. 
James MacPherson. 
