1(52 
PARK AND CEMETERY 
Garden Cities of To-morrow (being 
the second edition of “To-morrow: A 
Peaceful Path to Real Reform”). By 
Ebenezer Howard. London : Swan Son- 
nenschein & Co., Ltd., Paternoster 
Square, 1902. 
Very few people will disagree with 
the view of the growing necessity of 
diverting the tide of population from the 
city countryward, or with a proposition, 
carefully considered and worked out, of 
inviting city dwellers into town-coun- 
try dwellings. And this is what Mr. 
Howard’s book discusses. The possi- 
bility of creating garden cities, from 
the purchase of the requisite sites to the 
final establishment of a self-contained, 
beautiful town of some 32,000 inhabi- 
tants, is canvassed from many stand- 
points : financial, municipal, administra- 
tive and social, and both the advantages 
and difficulties are treated w(ith the 
practical consideration which such a 
radical departure from old time city- 
making demands. The subject is a 
vastly important one at the present day, 
because so much thought is being ex- 
pended upon social reforms and im- 
provement work, and it is moreover one 
that requires deep study to realize con- 
ditions and practical aptitude to formu- 
late and carry to a successful issue a 
scheme so full of detail, all to be corre- 
lated to the main purpose. Mr. How- 
ard’s garden city, as illustrated, sug- 
gests a total area of some 6,000 acres, 
the center of which is a public park, 
with boulevards radiating therefrom. 
In concentric circles about this park 
which, by the way, contains municipal 
and other public buildings, come : a 
crystal palace ; houses and gardens ; 
grand avenue; houses and gardens; fac- 
tories, workshops and markets ; circu- 
lar railway connected to a main line 
in vicinity, and surrounding all this for 
the balance of the area, agricultural 
lands, market gardens, forest tracts and 
allotments of various kinds. That the 
proposition of Mr. Howard has been 
taken in earnest is attested by the fact 
that an association has been formed to 
put it on a working basis with a stock 
company to secure funds, and the latest 
information is that a practical experi- 
ment is to be inaugurated to realize the 
Garden City idea. The application for 
shares has been encouraging, and an 
estate of some 4,000 acres, about 36 
miles from London, has been secured. 
Mr. Howard’s book is a study and of 
great interest to the student of “poten- 
tialities of applied science” in the mak- 
ing of a garden city, as the idea was re- 
ferred to at a recent meeting of the 
British Association. 
Principles of American Forestry; by 
Samuel B. Green, professor of horti- 
culture and forestry, University of Min- 
nesota ; John Wiley & Sons, New York, 
1903; price $1.50: As a practical intro- 
duction to the study of forestry, this 
work will be of great service to students 
and others beginning the study, and its 
admirable clearness, simplicity of style, 
and orderly treatment will make it quite 
as well adapted to the lay reader who 
wishes to secure a general idea of the 
subject of forestry in North America. 
Much of the matter included in the book 
appeared in the same author’s “Forestry 
in Minnesota,” which has been reviewed 
in these columns. In this volume the 
subject is treated in a more general 
way, and enlarged to better adapt it to 
the whole country. It contains an as- 
tonishing mass of information that is 
indispensable to the young forester, is 
arranged in the form of a text book, and 
presupposes no technical knowledge on 
the part of the reader. This extract 
from the section on Street Trees in the 
chapter entitled “Nursery Practice,” will 
serve to show the practical character of 
the matter presented : “The best trees 
for street planting in this country are the 
white elm, hackberry, green ash, bass- 
wood, box-elder. Norway maple, and soft 
maple. All of these trees do well in good 
soil, and, with the exception of the soft 
maple, they all do well in rather inferior 
land. Evergreens, especially the white 
pine, may sometimes be used to advan- 
tage along narrow drives, but they are 
seldom desirable as street trees. * * The 
distance between trees depends on the 
kind planted and the quality of the land. 
On rich land the trees named should be 
put forty feet apart, in fairly good soil 
about thirty feet, and in poor soil twenty 
feet apart.” The table of contents 
will give an adequate idea of the scope 
of the work: The Tree, Tree Growth, 
The Forest, Forest Influences, Tree 
Planting on Prairies, Forest Regenera- 
tion, Propagation, Nursery Practice, 
Forest Protection, Rate of Increase in 
Timber Trees, Forest Mensuration, For- 
est Problems, The Uses of Wood, Dura- 
bility of Wood, Forest Economics, and a 
chapter of tabular information, includ- 
ing the following: Tabular classifica- 
tion, sylvicultural data, and uses of im- 
portant American timber trees ; glossary 
of technical terms used in forestry; a 
list of the best books on forestry; pub- 
lications of the Bureau of Forestry, and 
other U. S. departments of special in- 
terest to students. There are 73 illus- 
trations, including half-tones and draw- 
ings, showing methods and instruments 
used in forestry work. 
Fourteenth Annual Report of the Mis- 
souri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Mo., 
for 1903 : In addition to the adminis- 
trative reports of the officers of the 
Board and of the Director, William Tre- 
lease, this volume contains an important 
revision of the genus Lonicera, by Mr. 
Alfred Rehder, of the Arnold Arbore- 
tum, and a catalog by Mr. C. E. Hutch- 
ings, of the additions which have been 
made to the Sturtevant Prelinnean Li- 
brary since the publication of the cat- 
alog of the original collection in the sev- 
enth report. The total receipts for the 
year were $127,142.50, and the expend- 
itures $119,893.84. The Directors’ Re- 
port shows that the mounted herbarium 
now consists of 427,797 specimens, valued 
at $64,169.55. The number of visitors 
to the garden in 1902 was 112,314, which 
is 21,052 greater than the highest pre- 
vious year, 1901. A number of interest- 
ing diagrams showing statistics of 
growth and progress in the different de- 
partments are given. 
Annual Report of the Smithsonian In- 
stitution for 1902 : Contains detailed re- 
ports of officers, and the general ap- 
pendix, with 34 scientific articles by rec- 
ognized authorities. The total expend- 
itures of the institution for the year were 
$69,653.44- 
American Park and Outdoor Art As- 
sociation : Vol. VII., Part I., Year Book 
and Record of the Seventh Annual Meet- 
ing at Buffalo, July 7-9, 1903: Contains 
a list of officers and members, by-laws, 
rules, members of affiliated societies and 
a report of the annual meeting, includ- 
ing the address of President Woodruff. 
Also a reprint of a number of circulars, 
letters, laws and ordinances relating to 
the billboard nuisance, which have been 
furthered by the association. 
