32 
PARK AND CEMETERY 
in most cases the roots will extend into the ordinary 
surrounding soil, even if it is not of the best de- 
scription. 
If at that time the tree shows signs of restricted 
growth or early casting of leaves, it will be necessary 
to renew the supply of rich soil to keep up a reason- 
able growth. In some cities it may be found as here, 
that both the sidewalk and roadway are covered with 
granolithic or asphalt pavement. With holes pre- 
pared as directed, trees seem to flourish quite as well 
under these conditions as under any other. On a 
brick sidewalk the water from rains percolates be- 
tween the bricks, which also absorb a considerable 
amount of moisture which may be utilized by the roots 
beneath. This does not occur where the surrounding 
pavements consist of asphalt ; consequently the only 
supply of water is what may be received on the limited 
area of unpaved space about the tree. This would 
appear to afford a meager supply, but there is an 
amount of moisture under these close pavements, 
which seems to furnish as yet a sufficient quantity for 
the roots. However, where the width of space set 
aside for sidewalk purposes admits, the expedient of 
leaving an unpaved strip three or more feet in width 
is advisable. 
In this city the planting is done both in the autumn 
and spring. In spring planting it is done as early as 
practicable in March, or as soon as the soil becomes 
dry. Planting cannot be done properly when the soil is 
wet. 
At this planting the trees are pruned back more 
closely than is found necessary in the fall. 
When planting a line of trees on a street or straight 
avenue, it is in the best taste to confine them to a 
single species or variety so far as the line extends. 
The beauty and uniformity that is produced by a repe- 
tition of the same object is lost when a mixture of 
species of trees differing in growth and foliage is intro- 
duced, and is as much at variance with good taste as 
would be a mixture of orders in the columns of a 
temple. 
As soon as a tree is planted it is surrounded by a 
wooden box for protection against accidents and as a 
support. The box should be about six or seven feet 
hi£h, made of strips three inches wide and one inch 
thick. These are fastened to square frames of heavier 
material, one at the bottom sixteen inches square and 
one at the top twelve inches square. 
These boxes are fastened securely by driving four 
stakes, one at each side of the box in a slanting direc- 
tion and well nailed to the box. The tree is fastened 
by leather straps passing around its stem and nailed to 
the top frame of the box. Four straps are required, one 
to each side. 
It is important that these straps be maintained as 
long as the box remains. If they are broken or re- 
moved, the tree will be liable to injury by rubbing on 
the tops of the slats while swaying about in windy 
weather. 
Trees are of ten. ruined from this cause by loss of 
bark. As soon'as the tree is old enough to stand alone 
the box may be removed and replaced by a wire guard. 
Woven wire netting, such as is used for fences, will 
be found to form a very neat, cheap and efficient ma- 
terial for the purpose. Of course the meshes should 
be small enough to entirely prevent horses from gnaw- 
ing and defacing the bark of the tree. Quite liberal 
estimates place the cost of planting a tree on the street, 
boxed, staked and strapped, at $3. 
Trees found best for street-planting here are the 
following: American elm, American linden, Amer- 
ican sycamore, European sycamore, Norway, silver and 
sugar maple, pin and red oaks, and the Ginkgo (Salis- 
buria adiantifolia). The planting of pin and red oaks, 
commenced about eighteen years ago, has thus far 
met with great success, and numbers of each of these 
varieties on the streets here are the admiration of all 
interested in street tree culture. In fact, it is worth the 
trip to Washington to see them alone. 
The following trees were formerly planted here to 
a large extent, but their use has now been discon- 
tinued : Carolina and Athenian or Grecian poplar, 
honey locust, Kentucky coffee and Negundo. 
These methods have, with very few exceptions, been 
adhered to for a period of fifteen years or more and 
Washington, with its 87,000 trees, is a proof of their 
wisdom. 
PITTSFIELD CEMETERY MEMORIALS, 
PITTSFIELD, MASS. 
Pittsfield Cemetery, Pittsfield, Mass., is fortunate in 
the possession of a number of interesting and useful 
memorials which have been donated to the cemetery 
from time to time in memory of prominent citizens. 
The attractive view in the illustration shows two 
memorial structures which lend dignity and beauty 
to the entrance. 
The double archway over the drive and footpath is 
the gift of the late Thomas Allen, who at the time 
of his death was president of the cemetery corpora- 
tion. It is of rough finished Barrington blue stone 
with crenellated top and ornamental tower of Norman 
architecture, harmonizing well with the Clapp Memo- 
rial Chapel at the right of the picture, and the stone 
wall in front, well screened with a hedge of spruce. 
The trees shown are nearly all maples, with several 
elms directly back of the gateway. 
The Clapp Memorial Chapel, which was illustrated 
in Park and Cemetery of April, 1902, is the gift 
of the late Mrs. Edwin Clapp. It is of Barrington 
blue stone built in the same Mediaeval style as the gate, 
and is 43 by 25 feet in ground dimensions, with en- 
