50 
PARK AND CEMETERY 
it will outlast other features. In the accompanying 
illustrations are given a number of general designs 
representing the ordinary run of cemetery memorials, 
and there are innumerable modifications which can be 
made in such designs. The ruling conditions must be 
simplicity, proportion, harmony of parts, and appro- 
priateness for site and surroundings. There is a 
lamentable lack of originality in the designs distributed 
by marble dealers generally ; it has become too much 
of a stock business on a catalogue basis. If marble 
dealers in the smaller cities and towns would only rec- 
ognize the necessity of an art education for their call- 
ing, our country cemeteries would cease to become ob- 
jects of critical ridicule. 
A general description is given under each example 
illustrated, and the sarcophagus, square or “cottage” 
and the rustic styles are common types. Ledger and 
cross monuments are not used to the extent they 
should be, and they are particularly adapted to the 
small lot ; the ledger style does not obstruct the land- 
scape, while the grace, beauty and significance of the 
cross monument needs no endorsement. The variety 
of design which can be applied to the so-called Celtic 
cross and in a certain degree to the Latin model, to- 
gether with their adaptability in regard to dimensions 
to any circumstances, make this type of memorial of 
great value. The cross monument lends itself admir- 
ably to the needs of a small lot, and does not lose as 
much in appearance when reduced to' small dimensions 
as the more common types. It may be simply beautiful 
in any size. Boulders may also be adopted successfully 
in small lots, and, furnished with a bronze memorial 
plate, are both effective and, oftentimes, very appro- 
priate. But whatever style of memorial may be de- 
sired, it must be again expressly stipulated that to pre- 
serve any kind of attractiveness for a section of small 
lots, duplication of design must be positively forbid- 
den, designs must be artistically proportioned and 
simple in character, monuments must not be permitted 
in every lot, and the memorial work generally must 
be made subservient to the natural beauty of the sec- 
tion, which should be the dominant note of the mod- 
ern cemetery. 
From the point of view of to-day the most impor- 
tant feature of cemetery practice is the planting 
scheme, which, in its completed state, gives the land- 
scape character to the cemetery. Shrubbery and per- 
ennial blooming plants are the least expensive of all 
cemetery embellishment, and after all are the most 
beautiful. While on small lots it is not possible, for 
obvious reasons, to shut out of sight other lots and 
monuments by planting material, the whole section 
may be made beautiful by a well-designed arrange- 
ment of trees and shrubs, and the effect will be that of 
quiet and peace, provided the array of memorials does 
not kill it. Under any circumstances the effort should 
be to minimize the bizarre appearance of an over- 
memoralized section by adequate planting. 
A list of shrubs suitable for cemetery work would 
not greatly help the gardener, for local conditions and 
climate must be considered, and any special taste in 
the required material must be subordinated to the rul- 
ing conditions. But from a long list there can be 
surely recommended the following : The dogwoods, 
honeysuckles, snowberry, lilacs, viburnums, syringas, 
flowering currants, Indian currants, hazel, sumacs, 
spiraeas, hardy hydrangea, sweet-scented shrub, dwarf 
Juneberrv, sweet briar, wild and some other roses, 
Japan quince, barberries, flowering almonds, double- 
flowering plums, button bush, weigelas, and many 
others. There are very few localities in the country 
where the local flora will not supply the major part 
of the plant requirements for the modern cemetery ; 
the secret of its ultimate beauty lies in the artistic 
sense and intelligence of the official devoted to its 
care. Not alone should the effects of the flowering 
period of the summer be considered, but the winter has 
charms of berries, barks, symmetry of form, grace of 
branch and twig, and all the varying colors and har- 
monies which nature lavishly offers if we understand 
her teachings and admonitions, and which should re- 
ceive careful attention. 
As every tree in the cemetery must be treated as an 
individual in its care and culture, so must every ceme- 
tery in the country be so treated as to its individual 
requirements, and the foregoing discussion is there- 
fore intended to afford material thought for the elab- 
oration of details for the improvement of small lots. 
Ledger tomb , usually placed over grave. Does not obstruct the landscape. 
